The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions
Plato · en
And were we not saying long ago that the soul when using
the body as an instrument of perception, that is to say, when
using the sense of sight or hearing or some other sense (for
the meaning of perceiving through the body is perceiving
through the senses)—were we not saying that the soul too is
then dragged by the body into the region of the changeable,
and wanders and is confused; the world spins round her,
and she is like a drunkard, when she touches change?
Very true.
But when returning into herself she reflects, then she
passes into the other world, the region of purity, and
eternity, and immortality, and unchangeableness, which are
her kindred, and with them she ever lives, when she is
by herself and is not let or hindered; then she ceases
from her erring ways, and being in communion with the unchanging
is unchanging. And this state of the soul is
called wisdom?
That is well and truly said, Socrates, he replied.
And to which class is the soul more nearly alike and akin,
as far as may be inferred from this argument, as well as
from the preceding one?
[Sidenote: The soul is of the nature of the unchangeable, the body of the
changing; the soul rules, the body serves; the soul is in the likeness of
the divine, the body of the mortal.]
I think, Socrates, that, in the opinion of every one who
follows the argument, the soul will be infinitely more like
the unchangeable—even the most stupid person will not
deny that.
And the body is more like the changing?
Yes.
[Sidenote: _The passing of the soul._]
Yet once more consider the matter in another light:
When the soul and the body are united, then nature orders 80
the soul to rule and govern, and the body to obey and serve.
Now which of these two functions is akin to the divine?
and which to the mortal? Does not the divine appear to
you to be that which naturally orders and rules, and the
mortal to be that which is subject and servant?
True.
And which does the soul resemble?
The soul resembles the divine, and the body the mortal—there
can be no doubt of that, Socrates.
Then reflect, Cebes: of all which has been said is not this
the conclusion?—that the soul is in the very likeness of the
divine, and immortal, and intellectual, and uniform, and
indissoluble, and unchangeable; and that the body is in the
very likeness of the human, and mortal, and unintellectual,
and multiform, and dissoluble, and changeable. Can this,
my dear Cebes, be denied?
It cannot.
But if it be true, then is not the body liable to speedy
dissolution? and is not the soul almost or altogether indissoluble?
Certainly.
[Sidenote: Even from the body something may be learned about the soul;
for the corpse of a man lasts for some time, and when embalmed, in a
manner for ever.]