The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions — Plato — John Shaqi
The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions
Plato · en
_Men._ But I will stay, Socrates, if you will give me many
such answers. 77
[Sidenote: Virtue, according to Meno, is the desire of the honourable and
the good. His definition is analysed by Socrates.]
_Soc._ Well then, for my own sake as well as for yours, I will
do my very best; but I am afraid that I shall not be able to
give you very many as good: and now, in your turn, you are
to fulfil your promise, and tell me what virtue is in the
universal; and do not make a singular into a plural, as the
facetious say of those who break a thing, but deliver virtue to
me whole and sound, and not broken into a number of pieces:
I have given you the pattern.
_Men._ Well then, Socrates, virtue, as I take it, is when he,
who desires the honourable, is able to provide it for himself;
so the poet says, and I say too—
‘Virtue is the desire of things honourable and the power of
attaining them.’
_Soc._ And does he who desires the honourable also desire
the good?
_Men._ Certainly.
_Soc._ Then are there some who desire the evil and others
who desire the good? Do not all men, my dear sir, desire
good?
_Men._ I think not.
_Soc._ There are some who desire evil?
_Men._ Yes.
_Soc._ Do you mean that they think the evils which they
desire, to be good; or do they know that they are evil and
yet desire them?
[Sidenote: _The desire of good and evil._]
_Men._ Both, I think.
_Soc._ And do you really imagine, Meno, that a man knows
evils to be evils and desires them notwithstanding?
_Men._ Certainly I do.
_Soc._ And desire is of possession?
_Men._ Yes, of possession.
[Sidenote: Men desire evil, but not what they think to be evil.]
_Soc._ And does he think that the evils will do good to him
who possesses them, or does he know that they will do him
harm?
_Men._ There are some who think that the evils will do them
good, and others who know that they will do them harm.
_Soc._ And, in your opinion, do those who think that they
will do them good know that they are evils?
_Men._ Certainly not.
_Soc._ Is it not obvious that those who are ignorant of their
nature do not desire them; but they desire what they suppose
to be goods although they are really evils; and if they are
mistaken and suppose the evils to be goods they really desire
goods?
_Men._ Yes, in that case.
_Soc._ Well, and do those who, as you say, desire evils, and
think that evils are hurtful to the possessor of them, know
that they will be hurt by them?
_Men._ They must know it.
_Soc._ And must they not suppose that those who are hurt 78
are miserable in proportion to the hurt which is inflicted upon
them?
_Men._ How can it be otherwise?
_Soc._ But are not the miserable ill-fated?
_Men._ Yes, indeed.