The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions — Plato — John Shaqi
The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions
Plato · en
Socrates has no difficulty in showing that virtue is a good,
and that goods, whether of body or mind, must be under the
direction of knowledge. Upon the assumption just made, then,
virtue is teachable. But where are the teachers? There are 89
none to be found. This is extremely discouraging. Virtue is no
sooner discovered to be teachable, than the discovery follows that
it is not taught. Virtue, therefore, is and is not teachable.
In this dilemma an appeal is made to Anytus, a respectable and 90
well-to-do citizen of the old school, and a family friend of Meno,
who happens to be present. He is asked ‘whether Meno shall 91
go to the Sophists and be taught.’ The suggestion throws him into 92
a rage. ‘To whom, then, shall Meno go?’ asks Socrates. To 93
any Athenian gentleman—to the great Athenian statesmen of past
times. Socrates replies here, as elsewhere (Laches 179 C foll.;
Prot. 319 foll.), that Themistocles, Pericles, and other great men, 94
had sons to whom they would surely, if they could have done so,
have imparted their own political wisdom; but no one ever heard
that these sons of theirs were remarkable for anything except
riding and wrestling and similar accomplishments. Anytus is
angry at the imputation which is cast on his favourite statesmen,
and on a class to which he supposes himself to belong (cp.
95 A); he breaks off with a significant hint. The mention of 95
another opportunity of talking with him (99 E), and the suggestion
that Meno may do the Athenian people a service by pacifying
him (100), are evident allusions to the trial of Socrates.
Socrates returns to the consideration of the question ‘whether
virtue is teachable,’ which was denied on the ground that there
are no teachers of it: (for the Sophists are bad teachers, and the 96
rest of the world do not profess to teach). But there is another
point which we failed to observe, and in which Gorgias has never
instructed Meno, nor Prodicus Socrates. This is the nature of
right opinion. For virtue may be under the guidance of right 97
opinion as well as of knowledge; and right opinion is for practical
purposes as good as knowledge, but is incapable of being taught,
and is also liable, like the images of Daedalus, to ‘walk off,’ 98
because not bound by the tie of the cause. This is the sort of
instinct which is possessed by statesmen, who are not wise or
knowing persons, but only inspired or divine. The higher virtue, 99
which is identical with knowledge, is an ideal only. If the statesman
had this knowledge, and could teach what he knew, he would
be like Tiresias in the world below,—‘he alone has wisdom, 100
but the rest flit like shadows.’
* * * * *
[Sidenote: INTRODUCTION.]