Nor have we any difficulty in drawing a parallel between the young
Athenian in the fifth century before Christ who became unsettled by new
ideas, and the student of a modern University who has been the subject of
a similar 'aufklärung.' We too observe that when young men begin to
criticise customary beliefs, or to analyse the constitution of human
nature, they are apt to lose hold of solid principle ([Greek: a(/pan to\
be/baion au)tô=n e)xoi/chetai]). They are like trees which have been
frequently transplanted. The earth about them is loose, and they have no
roots reaching far into the soil. They 'light upon every flower,'
following their own wayward wills, or because the wind blows them. They
catch opinions, as diseases are caught--when they are in the air. Borne
hither and thither, 'they speedily fall into beliefs' the opposite of
those in which they were brought up. They hardly retain the distinction of
right and wrong; they seem to think one thing as good as another. They
suppose themselves to be searching after truth when they are playing the
game of 'follow my leader.' They fall in love 'at first sight' with
paradoxes respecting morality, some fancy about art, some novelty or
eccentricity in religion, and like lovers they are so absorbed for a time
in their new notion that they can think of nothing else. The resolution of
some philosophical or theological question seems to them more interesting
and important than any substantial knowledge of {cxv} literature or
science or even than a good life. Like the youth in the Philebus, they are
ready to discourse to any one about a new philosophy. They are generally
the disciples of some eminent professor or sophist, whom they rather
imitate than understand. They may be counted happy if in later years they
retain some of the simple truths which they acquired in early education,
and which they may, perhaps, find to be worth all the rest. Such is the
picture which Plato draws and which we only reproduce, partly in his own
words, of the dangers which beset youth in times of transition, when old
opinions are fading away and the new are not yet firmly established. Their
condition is ingeniously compared by him to that of a supposititious son,
who has made the discovery that his reputed parents are not his real ones,
and, in consequence, they have lost their authority over him.