Neither can we be absolutely certain that Socrates himself {xv} taught the
immortality of the soul, which is unknown to his disciple Glaucon in the
Republic (x. 608 D; cp. vi. 498 D, E; Apol. 40, 41); nor is there any
reason to suppose that he used myths or revelations of another world as a
vehicle of instruction, or that he would have banished poetry or have
denounced the Greek mythology. His favourite oath is retained, and a
slight mention is made of the daemonium, or internal sign, which is
alluded to by Socrates as a phenomenon peculiar to himself (vi. 496 C). A
real element of Socratic teaching, which is more prominent in the Republic
than in any of the other Dialogues of Plato, is the use of example and
illustration ([Greek: ta\ phortika\ au)tô=| prosphe/rontes], iv. 442 E):
'Let us apply the test of common instances.' 'You,' says Adeimantus,
ironically, in the sixth book, 'are so unaccustomed to speak in images.'
And this use of examples or images, though truly Socratic in origin, is
enlarged by the genius of Plato into the form of an allegory or parable,
which embodies in the concrete what has been already described, or is
about to be described, in the abstract. Thus the figure of the cave in
Book VII is a recapitulation of the divisions of knowledge in Book VI. The
composite animal in Book IX is an allegory of the parts of the soul. The
noble captain and the ship and the true pilot in Book VI are a figure of
the relation of the people to the philosophers in the State which has been
described. Other figures, such as the dog (ii. 375 A, D; iii. 404 A, 416
A; v. 451 D), or the marriage of the portionless maiden (vi. 495, 496), or
the drones and wasps in the eighth and ninth books, also form links of
connexion in long passages, or are used to recall previous discussions.