The works of Plato (Vol. 1 of 6) : $b A new and literal version chiefly from the text of Stallbaum
Plato · en
feasted on them, it again enters into the interior of heaven, and
returns home. 59. And on its return, the charioteer having taken his
horses to the manger, sets ambrosia before them, and afterwards gives
them nectar to drink. And this is the life of the gods.
But, with respect to other souls, that which best follows and imitates a
god, raises the head of its charioteer to the outer region, and is
carried round with the rest in the revolution, yet is confused by its
horses, and scarcely able to behold real existences; but another at one
time rises, at another sinks, and owing to the violence of the horses,
partly sees, and partly not. The rest follow, all eager for the upper
region, but being unable to reach it they are carried round sunk beneath
the surface, trampling on and striking against each other, in
endeavouring to get one before another. Hence the tumult, and
struggling, and sweating is extreme; and here through the fault of the
charioteers many are maimed, and many break many of their feathers; and
all of them having undergone much toil depart without having succeeded
in getting a view of that which is, and after their departure they make
use of the food of mere opinion. 60. And this is the reason for the
great anxiety to behold the field of truth, where it is; the proper
pasture for the best part of the soul happens to be in the meadow there,
and it is the nature of the wing by which the soul is borne aloft, to be
nourished by it; and this is a law of Adrastia[124], that whatever soul,
in accompanying a deity, has beheld any of the true essences, it shall
be free from harm until the next revolution, and if it can always
accomplish this, it shall be always free from harm: but whenever from
inability to keep up it has not seen any of them, and from meeting with
some misfortune, has been filled with oblivion and vice, and so weighed
down, and from being weighed down has lost its wings, and fallen to the
earth, then there is a law that this soul should not be implanted in any
brutal nature in its first generation, but that the soul which has seen
most, should enter into the germ of a man who will become a philosopher
or a lover of the beautiful, or a votary of the Muses and Love; but that
the second should enter into the form of a constitutional king, or a
warrior and commander, the third into that of a statesman, or economist,
or merchant, the fourth into one who loves the toil of gymnastic
exercises, or who will be employed in healing the body, the fifth will
have a prophetic life or one connected with the mysteries, to the sixth
the poetic life or some other of those employed in imitation will be
best adapted, to the seventh a mechanical or agricultural life, to the
eighth the life of a sophist or mob-courtier, to the ninth that of a
tyrant. 61. But among all these, whosoever passes his life justly
afterwards obtains a better lot, but who unjustly, a worse one. For to
the same place, whence each soul comes, it does not return till the