The works of Plato (Vol. 1 of 6) : $b A new and literal version chiefly from the text of Stallbaum
Plato · en
_Socr._ They say, then, that there is no occasion to treat these matters
so solemnly, nor to carry them back so far, by such long windings. For
as we said in the beginning of our discussion, there is no need at all
for one who wishes to become a competent orator to have any thing to do
with the truth respecting actions just or good, or men who are such,
either by nature or education. For that in courts of justice no
attention whatever is paid to the truth of these things, but only to
what is plausible, and that it is probability to which one who wishes to
speak by art ought to apply himself. And that sometimes even facts that
have actually happened must not be stated, unless they are probable, but
probabilities both in accusation and defence: and, in short, that a
speaker should pursue the probable, and pay no regard at all to truth.
For that when this method is observed throughout the whole speech, it
constitutes the perfection of the art.
129. _Phæ._ You have described the very things, Socrates, which they say
who profess to be skilled in speech-making; and I remember that we
touched briefly upon this in a former part of our discussion; but this
appears to be matter of the utmost consequence to those who study these
things.
_Socr._ However you have thoroughly fumbled Tisias himself. Let Tisias
then tell us this, whether he means any thing else by the probable than
that which accords with the opinion of the multitude.
_Phæ._ What else can it be?
_Socr._ Having made, then, as it seems, this wise and artistic
discovery, he has written, that if a weak but brave man should be
brought to trial for having knocked down a strong and cowardly one, and
for having robbed him of his clothes or any thing else, then that
neither of them ought to speak the truth, but the coward should say that
he was not knocked down by the brave man alone, and the latter should
prove this, that they were alone, and then urge this; “How could a man
like me ever attack a man like him?” But the other will not admit his
own cowardice, but, in attempting to tell some other falsehood, will
perhaps supply his adversary with the means of refuting him. And in
other cases, such things as these are said according to art. Is it not
so, Phædrus?
130. _Phæ._ How not?
_Socr._ Wonderfully clever seems to have been the inventor of this
abstruse art, whether Tisias or whoever else he was, and by whatever
name he delights to be called. But, my friend, shall we say to him or
not?
_Phæ._ What?