itself, when not consolidated, is dissolved by water; when
consolidated, by fire only. The cohesion of water, when strong,
is dissolved by fire only; when weak, either by air or fire, the
former entering the interstices, the latter penetrating even the
triangles. Air when strongly condensed is indissoluble by any
power which does not reach the triangles, and even when not
strongly condensed is only resolved by fire. Compounds of earth
and water are unaffected by water while the water occupies the
interstices in them, but begin to liquefy when fire enters into
the interstices of the water. They are of two kinds, some of
them, like glass, having more earth, others, like wax, having
more water in them.
Having considered objects of sense, we now pass on to sensation.
But we cannot explain sensation without explaining the nature of
flesh and of the mortal soul; and as we cannot treat of both
together, in order that we may proceed at once to the sensations
we must assume the existence of body and soul.
What makes fire burn? The fineness of the sides, the sharpness of
the angles, the smallness of the particles, the quickness of the
motion. Moreover, the pyramid, which is the figure of fire, is
more cutting than any other. The feeling of cold is produced by
the larger particles of moisture outside the body trying to eject
the smaller ones in the body which they compress. The struggle
which arises between elements thus unnaturally brought together
causes shivering. That is hard to which the flesh yields, and
soft which yields to the flesh, and these two terms are also
relative to one another. The yielding matter is that which has
the slenderest base, whereas that which has a rectangular base is
compact and repellent. Light and heavy are wrongly explained with
reference to a lower and higher in place. For in the universe,
which is a sphere, there is no opposition of above or below, and
that which is to us above would be below to a man standing at the
antipodes. The greater or less difficulty in detaching any
element from its like is the real cause of heaviness or of
lightness. If you draw the earth into the dissimilar air, the
particles of earth cling to their native element, and you more
easily detach a small portion than a large. There would be the
same difficulty in moving any of the upper elements towards the
lower. The smooth and the rough are severally produced by the
union of evenness with compactness, and of hardness with
inequality.