[169] Qur’ān ii. 29. [170] Omar. [171] A very doubtful clause; it may be rendered: ”_Thou art with me._“ [172] Adam, in most languages, has come to signify _man_. [173] Qur’ān ii. 33, mentions merely a ”_caulescent plant_;““wheat” is one of several glosses by commentators, like our “apple.” [174] Qur’ān vii. 22, makes Adam confess sin with contrition, together with Eve, thereby meriting God’s eventual pardon. [175] Qur’ān cx. 1. [176] Evidently the name of a rival. [177] These are sainted spiritualists, true and pious dervishes. [178] Qur’ān ii. 22, and lxvi. 6, say “mankind and rocks.“ [179] Another word coined to meet the requirements of the original. ”_Ubiquity_“ is the converse of ”_nubiquity_.” _Nulliquity_ might be used. [180] Qur’ān ii. 111, and seven other places. [181] “Cæsar” is the Roman Emperor, the Qaysari-Rūm. Other Qaysar there is not. [182] To write this name _Omar_ is incorrect. [183] Medina is the usual incorrect spelling of this name. [184] The Arabian title is Khalīfa; of which Caliph is a corruption. [185] “_Commander of the Believers_” is his usual title. “Rome” is the Lower Empire. [186] Muhammed’s heart is believed to have been cleansed by an angel. [187] “God’s countenance” means also, in Arabic, _God’s cause_. [188] God is this “sun;” the “motes” are all created objects. [189] The “Friend” is God, the Gnostic’s “_darling_.” [190] “Rome” in Asia means the Lower Empire and Asia Minor; or, for the last few centuries, the Ottoman Empire. [191] “Shadow of God on earth” is an Eastern title of royalty. [192] These two propositions give the pith of the doctrine held and inculcated by the mystics and spiritualists of Islām: “_He’s bridegroom; God is bride._“ [193] This First Book of the Mesnevī was written before the Būstān of Sa’dī. The myth of the dewdrop and pearl is much more ancient. [194] The date of the poem will be recollected; who disbelieved alchemy then? [195] Here is a beautiful and true application of the idea of ”_transubstantiation_.“ [196] The original mentions Ferhād, a kind of Persian Dædalus, by his title of ”_Mountain-Excavator_.“(See Tale vii. dist. 365.) [197] Qur’ān liv. 1. [198] Qur’ān vii. 15, and xv. 39. At the fall, Satan accused God of tempting him; whereas Adam confessed his sin, and did not accuse Satan. [199] Qur’ān vii. 22. [200] Qur’ān xxiv. 26. [201] ’Bū is often used as a contraction for Abū. Abū-Jahl (_Father of Ignorance_) was a nickname (see Tale iv. dist. 48, note) given by Muhammed to ‘Amr, son of Hishām, a chief of the Quraysh, his bitter enemy, formerly entitled Abū-’l-Hakem (_Father of the Arbitrator_). He was killed, a pagan, in the battle of Badr, in the second year of the Hijra, A.D. 624. [202] The word rendered by “explanation” here, means also _information_, and _use_, _advantage_, _profit_, _benefit_, &c. [203] Literally, “your morning cup,” drunk at dawn ere leaving a house. [204] Asiatics drink “to the love” of a friend; not “to his health.”