The Persian Mystics: Jalálu'd-dín Rúmí — Rumi — John Shaqi
The Persian Mystics: Jalálu'd-dín Rúmí
Rumi · en
Rābi'a did not believe in earthly marriage. Her remark on the subject
is given as follows: "The bonds of wedlock have descended upon me. I am
not my own, but my Lord's, and must not be unfaithful to Him." 'Attár
also informs us that when Rābi'a was asked if she hated the devil, she
replied: "My love to God leaves me no time to hate him." Rābi'a was a
woman of much independence of thought, ethical rather than metaphysical
in her remarks, and strongly opposed to outward ceremonials. She is
said to have died at Jerusalem, 753 A.D. It was at Ramla, in Palestine,
that a Christian nobleman built a convent (_Khāngāh_) for the Súfís.
Thus in the early days the sect defied their Prophet's condemnation of
monkery by building an abode for members of the order. The Súfís were
strongly opposed to the idea of free-will or distinct and self-existent
personality apart from the Beloved. The orthodox Muslim's idea was
precisely the reverse. The Súfís have always made the Koran their
text-book. With infinite licence they ingeniously quote therefrom,
and still more ingeniously add their own explanations when necessary.
No doubt there were political reasons for adopting this method of
concealing heterodox ideas under the cloak of orthodoxy. We shall see,
however, as the sect grew and still further broadened its views, that
these clever compromises did not prevent the appearance of martyrs
among their number in the future.
By the end of the second century of the Hijira the Súfís were a
much-respected religious order. In the following century Quietism had
not only changed to Pantheism, but Pantheism had kindled a belief that
Beloved and lover were identical. The step was inevitable and at this
juncture it was that Súfíism became essentially mystical, and it became
more mystical as years advanced. About this time, viz., the beginning
of the third century A.H., we come across two interesting Súfís who
seem to have been the prime movers in this new development, by name
Bayázíd and Mansur al-Halláj.