Injustice of stamping Voltaire’s influence as merely destructive 191 Frederick the Great and France 193 Voltaire’s life at Berlin 194 Maupertuis 196 Collision between him and Voltaire 198 The Diatribe of Doctor Akakia 199 Voltaire’s departure from Berlin 201 The Frankfort episode 202 Unfortunate revelations in the Hirschel affair 206 Relations between Frederick and Voltaire henceforth 207 Voltaire fears to return to Paris 210 Geneva 211 The critical school not specially insensible to the picturesque 212 Voltaire buys Ferney (1758) 215 CHAPTER V. RELIGION. (1) _Conditions of the Voltairean attack_. Two elements underlying Voltaire’s enmity to Christianity 216 Failure of Catholicism as a social force 217 Utility of Protestantism in softening the transition 218 Compared with repression of free debate in France 219 Voltaire did not assail modern theosophies 221 The good inextricably bound up with the bad in the old system 224 Jesuits and Jansenists 225 Voltaire declared the latter to be the worst foes 227 Morellet’s Manual for Inquisitors 228 A reflex of the criminal jurisprudence of the time 229 Cases of Rochette, Calas, and Sirven 229 Of La Barre 230 Fervour of Voltaire’s indignation 232 Protests against cynical acquiescence 233 Disappointment of the philosophers, and their courage 235 The reactionary fanaticism a proof of the truth of Voltaire’s allegations 237 Necessity of transforming spiritual basis of thought 238 Voltaire’s abstention from the temporal sphere 239 His chief defect as leader of the attack 241 Crippling his historic imagination 243 The just historic calm impossible, until Voltaire had pressed a previous question 245 (2) _His method_. His instruments purely literary and dialectical 248