Isnad ki Taareekh: Schacht, Juynboll aur Motzki — Silsila-e-Riwayat Kab Bana?

Woh Zanjeer Jo Hawa mein Latki Hai

Ek aise jumle ka tasawwur kijiye jo terah sadiyon ka safar tay kar chuka hai. Us ke parle sire par Nabi Kareem (SAW) khare hain; is sire par nauveen sadi ke Iraq ka ek aalim use kitab mein likh raha hai. Dono ke darmiyan naamon ki ek seerhi hai — "falaan ne mujhe bataya, falaan se, jis ne falaan se suna." Yehi seerhi isnad hai, yani silsila-e-riwayat, aur jo baat woh uthaaye hue hai woh matn hai. Classical Muslim ilm ke nazdeek yehi seerhi daleel hai: agar har zeena ek qaabil-e-aitmaad shakhs ho jo agle se mil sakta ho, to riwayat qaayam rehti hai.

Sann 1950 mein ek Maghribi mu''arrikh ne isi seerhi ko dekha aur ek zyada sard sawaal uthaaya. Agar kuchh zeene baad mein thonk diye gaye hon — taake ek nayi baat purani dikhaayi de? Yehi ek sawaal saare jhagre ki jarr hai. Ek taraf Joseph Schacht aur G.H.A. Juynboll ka shakki mutalia hai, jo us maqaam ko — jahan kayi silsile aa kar milte hain — riwayat ke "chalan mein aane" ka lamha samajhta hai. Doosri taraf Harald Motzki hain, jinhon ne sab se qadeem mehfooz majmuon mein se ek — Abd al-Razzaq al-San'ani ki Musannaf — kholi aur daleel di ke us ka mawaad shakkaakon ki ijaazat se poora ek sadi pehle ka saabit kiya ja sakta hai.