Han state Confucianism and New Text (jinwen) learning
A tradition no longer extant within Confucianism. The disagreements in the sources are shown rather than settled.
Han state Confucianism and New Text (jinwen) learning is recorded within Confucianism and is no longer extant. Also written 今文經學, New Text school, Gongyang learning, Han syncretism.
Origin
Founder named in the sources: Dong Zhongshu (c. 179–104 BCE). Founding date given as 136 BCE. 136 BCE is the date at which, on the advice of Dong Zhongshu, the Five Classics — Shijing, Shujing, Liji, Yijing and Chunqiu — were made the exclusive basis of official scholarship and recruitment under Emperor Wu. Dong read the Spring and Autumn Annals through the Gongyang commentary and joined Confucian ethics to yin-yang and Five Phases cosmology. New Text scholars treated the classics as sacred texts encoding portents about the future.
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Citation
English
The language and the date you read it belong in the citation: this corpus is multilingual and articles are revised after publication.
John Shaqi. “Han state Confucianism and New Text (jinwen) learning.” English version. 11 August 2026. https://johnshaqi.com/articles/sect-han-state-confucianism-and-new-text-jinwen-learning.
@misc{johnshaqi-sect-han-state-confucianism-and-new-text-jinwen-learning-en,
author = {John Shaqi},
title = {Han state Confucianism and New Text (jinwen) learning},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {English version},
url = {https://johnshaqi.com/articles/sect-han-state-confucianism-and-new-text-jinwen-learning},
note = {Accessed n.d.}
}The word count is counted from this edition. The minute estimate uses 238 words a minute, the silent reading rate for English non-fiction reported by Brysbaert (2019). The Urdu, Hindi and Roman Urdu editions carry a word count and no estimate, because no comparable rate has been published for those scripts.