Karakaş
A grouping whose distinctness is itself disputed within Dönme.
Karakaş is recorded within Dönme. Whether it constitutes a distinct tradition is itself disputed in the sources. Also written Karakash, Konioso.
Origin
Founder named in the sources: Berukhiah Russo (1677–1720). No founding year is given below, because the sources read do not agree on one and a date has not been chosen for them. NULL: the largest and strictest of the three Dönme sub-sects, formed around the claims of Berukhiah Russo (1677–1720); largely artisans in Salonica. No founding year verified.
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Citation
English
The language and the date you read it belong in the citation: this corpus is multilingual and articles are revised after publication.
John Shaqi. “Karakaş.” English version. 11 August 2026. https://johnshaqi.com/articles/sect-karakas.
@misc{johnshaqi-sect-karakas-en,
author = {John Shaqi},
title = {Karakaş},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {English version},
url = {https://johnshaqi.com/articles/sect-karakas},
note = {Accessed n.d.}
}The word count is counted from this edition. The minute estimate uses 238 words a minute, the silent reading rate for English non-fiction reported by Brysbaert (2019). The Urdu, Hindi and Roman Urdu editions carry a word count and no estimate, because no comparable rate has been published for those scripts.