Mijiao (Chinese Esoteric Buddhism)
A living tradition within Vajrayāna.
Mijiao (Chinese Esoteric Buddhism) is a living tradition within Vajrayāna. Also written Zhenyan.
Origin
Founders named in the sources: Śubhākarasiṃha (637–735), Vajrabodhi (671–741), Amoghavajra (705–774). No founding year is given below, because the sources read do not agree on one and a date has not been chosen for them. McRae classes Esoteric Buddhism among the 'modal traditions' of 7th–8th-century China and names these three figures. No founding year.
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Citation
English
The language and the date you read it belong in the citation: this corpus is multilingual and articles are revised after publication.
John Shaqi. “Mijiao (Chinese Esoteric Buddhism).” English version. 11 August 2026. https://johnshaqi.com/articles/sect-mijiao-chinese-esoteric-buddhism.
@misc{johnshaqi-sect-mijiao-chinese-esoteric-buddhism-en,
author = {John Shaqi},
title = {Mijiao (Chinese Esoteric Buddhism)},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {English version},
url = {https://johnshaqi.com/articles/sect-mijiao-chinese-esoteric-buddhism},
note = {Accessed n.d.}
}The word count is counted from this edition. The minute estimate uses 238 words a minute, the silent reading rate for English non-fiction reported by Brysbaert (2019). The Urdu, Hindi and Roman Urdu editions carry a word count and no estimate, because no comparable rate has been published for those scripts.