Nyingma
A living tradition within Vajrayāna. The disagreements in the sources are shown rather than settled.
Nyingma is a living tradition within Vajrayāna. Also written Rnying ma pa, Ancient Ones, Old Translation school.
Origin
Founder named in the sources: no single founder; associated with Padmasambhava. No founding year is given below, because the sources read do not agree on one and a date has not been chosen for them. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions describes the Nyingmapa as a single lineage attributed to the Indian missionary Padmasambhava (9th century CE); Calkowski dates the school's roots to the 7th–8th century and notes that its practitioners 'continued the Tantric householder life'; the Encyclopedia.com Tibetan Buddhism entry states there is no single founder and associates it with Padmasambhava in the 8th century. Nyingma is the 'old' school as against the Sarma or 'New Ones' of the later transmission.
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Citation
English
The language and the date you read it belong in the citation: this corpus is multilingual and articles are revised after publication.
John Shaqi. “Nyingma.” English version. 11 August 2026. https://johnshaqi.com/articles/sect-nyingma.
@misc{johnshaqi-sect-nyingma-en,
author = {John Shaqi},
title = {Nyingma},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {English version},
url = {https://johnshaqi.com/articles/sect-nyingma},
note = {Accessed n.d.}
}The word count is counted from this edition. The minute estimate uses 238 words a minute, the silent reading rate for English non-fiction reported by Brysbaert (2019). The Urdu, Hindi and Roman Urdu editions carry a word count and no estimate, because no comparable rate has been published for those scripts.