Shenxiao (Divine Empyrean)
A tradition no longer extant within Taoism.
Shenxiao (Divine Empyrean) is recorded within Taoism and is no longer extant. Also written 神霄, Divine Heaven.
Origin
Founder named in the sources: Lin Lingsu (1076–1120). No founding year is given below, because the sources read do not agree on one and a date has not been chosen for them. No founding year in my sources. Bokenkamp associates the Shenxiao tradition with Lin Lingsu (1076–1120) at the court of Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song. The Stanford Encyclopedia places its establishment somewhere between the mid-10th and mid-13th centuries. Its rites were later absorbed into the Zhengyi ritual repertoire.
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Citation
English
The language and the date you read it belong in the citation: this corpus is multilingual and articles are revised after publication.
John Shaqi. “Shenxiao (Divine Empyrean).” English version. 11 August 2026. https://johnshaqi.com/articles/sect-shenxiao-divine-empyrean.
@misc{johnshaqi-sect-shenxiao-divine-empyrean-en,
author = {John Shaqi},
title = {Shenxiao (Divine Empyrean)},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {English version},
url = {https://johnshaqi.com/articles/sect-shenxiao-divine-empyrean},
note = {Accessed n.d.}
}The word count is counted from this edition. The minute estimate uses 238 words a minute, the silent reading rate for English non-fiction reported by Brysbaert (2019). The Urdu, Hindi and Roman Urdu editions carry a word count and no estimate, because no comparable rate has been published for those scripts.