Reign and conquests of the great Zingis Khan first emperor of the Moguls and Tartars, till the time of his death, 1227 1206 Aristotle’s works imported from Constantinople are condemned by the council of Paris 1209 Magna Charta granted to the English barons by king John 1215 Henry III. succeeds his father John on the English throne 1216 Peter of Courtenay, the husband of Yolanda sister of the two last emperors, Baldwin and Henry, is made emperor by the Latins 1217 Robert son of Peter Courtenay succeeds 1221 Theodore Lascaris is succeeded on the throne of Nice by his son-in-law John Ducas Vataces 1222 John of Brienne, and Baldwin II. son of Peter, succeeded on the throne of Constantinople 1228 The inquisition which had been begun 1204 is now trusted to the Dominicans 1233 Baldwin alone 1237 Origin of the Ottomans 1240 The fifth crusade 1248 Astronomical tables composed by Alphonso XI. of Castile 1253 Ducas Vataces is succeeded on the throne of Nice by his son Theodore Lascaris II. 1255 Lascaris succeeded by his son John Lascaris, a minor 1259 Michael Palæologus son of the sister of the queen of Theodore Lascaris ascends the throne, after the murder of the young prince’s guardian 1260 Constantinople is recovered from the Latins by the Greek emperors of Nice 1261 Edward I. succeeds on the English throne 1272 The famous Mortmain act passes in England 1279 Eight thousand French murdered during the Sicilian vespers, 30th of March 1282 Wales conquered by Edward and annexed to England 1283 Michael Palæologus dies, and his son Andronicus, who had already reigned nine years conjointly with his father, ascends the throne. The learned men of this century are Gervase, Diceto, Saxo, Walter of Coventry, Accursius, Anthony of Padua, Alexander Halensis, William of Paris, Peter de Vignes, Matthew Paris, Grosseteste, Albertus, Thomas Aquinas, Bonaventura, John Joinville, Roger Bacon, Cimabue, Durandus, Henry of Ghent, Raymond Lulli, Jacob Voragine, Albertet, Duns Scotus, Thebit 1293 A regular succession of English parliaments from this time 1293 The Turkish empire begins in Bithynia 1298 The mariner’s compass invented or improved by Flavio 1302