A Guide to the Scientific Knowledge of Things FamiliarBrewer, Ebenezer Cobham
Science
A Guide to the Scientific Knowledge of Things Familiar
Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham
Science -- Juvenile literature
A. As the _tops of high mountains_ are generally _above the clouds_;
therefore, travellers (who climb the mountains) may _pass quite through
the clouds_, into a clear blue firmament, when they may see the clouds
_beneath their feet_.
Q. _Why are the CLOUDS so VARIABLE in SHAPE?_
A. The _shape_ of clouds depends upon two things:--Their state of
_electricity_, and _the wind_.
Q. _How can ELECTRICITY affect the SHAPE of CLOUDS?_
A. If one cloud be _full of electricity_, and another _not_, they will
be _attracted to each other_, and either coalesce,--diminish in
size,--or vanish altogether.
Q. _Which clouds assume the most FANTASTIC shapes?_
A. Those that are the most _highly electrified_.
Q. _What effect have WINDS on the SHAPE of CLOUDS?_
A. They sometimes _absorb them entirely_: sometimes _increase their
volume and density_; and sometimes _change the position of their parts_.
Q. _How can WINDS ABSORB CLOUDS altogether?_
A. _A warm dry wind_ will convert the substance of the clouds into
_invisible vapour_, and carry it in its own current.
Q. _How can WINDS INCREASE the bulk and density of CLOUDS?_
A. A _cold_ current of wind will _condense the invisible vapour of the
air_, and _add it to the clouds_ as it passes by.
Q. _How can WINDS CHANGE the SHAPE of CLOUDS by altering the position of
their parts?_
A. Because clouds are so voluble and light, that every breath of wind
changes the position of those ves'cicles or bubbles.
Q. _What are the general COLOURS of the CLOUDS?_
A. White and grey, _when the sun is above the horizon_: but red, orange,
and yellow, _at sun-rise and sun-set_.
The _blue sky_ cannot be considered as _clouds_ at all.
Q. _Why are the LAST CLOUDS of EVENING generally of a RED tinge?_
A. Because _red_ rays are the _least refrangible of all_; and,
therefore, _are the last to disappear_.
Q. _What is meant by being "LESS REFRANGIBLE"?_
A. Being _less able to be bent_. Blue and green rays being very easily
bent (_by the resistance of the air_) are thrown _off from the horizon_;
but red rays not being _bent back_ in the same way, give a tinge to the
evening clouds.
Q. _Why are MORNING CLOUDS generally of a RED tinge?_
A. Because red rays are the _least refrangible of all_, and not being
_bent back by the air_ (like blue and green), _strike upon the horizon_,
and give a tinge to the morning clouds.
Q. _Why is not the reflection of clouds always ALIKE?_
A. Because their _size, density, and situation in regard to the sun_,
vary perpetually; so that sometimes _one_ colour is reflected, and
sometimes _another_.
Q. _What regulates the MOTION of the CLOUDS?_
A. The _motion of the clouds_ is generally directed by the _winds_; but
sometimes _electricity_ will influence their motion also.
Q. _How do you know that CLOUDS move by OTHER influences besides WIND?_
A. Because we often see in calm weather _small clouds meeting each
other_ from opposite directions.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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