[BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE II.--A pioneer in the comparative history of marriage and the family is Unger, _Die Ehe in ihrer welthistorischen Entwicklung_ (Vienna, 1850), who notices many of the leading phenomena connected with these institutions in different parts of the world; but his book is essentially a _Tendenzschrift_, to prove the elevating influence of Christianity and Teutonism. The literature of the Horde and Mother-Right opens, however, with Bachofen's singular but learned treatise, _Das Mutterrecht: Eine Untersuchung über die Gynaikokratie der alten Welt nach ihrer religiösen und rechtlichen Natur_ (Stuttgart, 1861), of which the original edition is now exceedingly scarce, although there is an exact reprint (Basel, 1897). This work is supplemented by Bachofen's _Die Sage von Tanaquil_ (Heidelberg, 1870), and his _Antiquärische Briefe_ (Strassburg, 1886). Upon the _Mutterrecht_ was based Giraud-Teulon's _La mère chez certains peuples de l'antiquité_ (Paris and Leipzig, 1867); followed by _Les origines de la famille_ (Geneva, 1874), and _Les origines du mariage et de la famille_ (Geneva and Paris, 1884), in both of which Bachofen's principal conclusions are supported with much new material. A thoroughgoing disciple of the same school is Lippert, _Die Geschichte der Familie_ (Stuttgart, 1884); and _Kulturgeschichte der Menschheit_ (Stuttgart, 1886-87). Very important also in this connection are the _Mutterrecht und Raubehe_ of Dargun (Breslau, 1883), and his later treatise, _Mutterrecht und Vaterrecht_ (Leipzig, 1892), a very able defense of the theory of mother-right for the Aryan peoples after the separation, though conceding that the maternal system was not developed in the primitive stage.