A History of Science — Volume 5Williams, Henry Smith
History
A History of Science — Volume 5
Williams, Henry Smith
Science -- History
Another interesting light phenomenon is found in the observed fact that
very many substances become markedly phosphorescent at low temperatures.
Thus, according to Professor Dewar, "gelatine, celluloid, paraffine,
ivory, horn, and india-rubber become distinctly luminous, with a bluish
or greenish phosphorescence, after cooling to--180° and being stimulated
by the electric light." The same thing is true, in varying degrees,
of alcohol, nitric acid, glycerine, and of paper, leather, linen,
tortoise-shell, and sponge. Pure water is but slightly luminous, whereas
impure water glows brightly. On the other hand, alcohol loses its
phosphorescence when a trace of iodine is added to it. In general,
colored things are but little phosphorescent. Thus the white of egg is
very brilliant but the yolk much less so. Milk is much brighter than
water, and such objects as a white flower, a feather, and egg-shell
glow brilliantly. The most remarkable substances of all, says Professor
Dewar, whom I am all along quoting, are "the platinocyanides among
inorganic compounds and the ketonic compounds among organic. Ammonium
platinocyanide, cooled while stimulated by arc light, glows fully
at--180°; but on warming it glows like a lamp. It seems clear,"
Professor Dewar adds, "that the substance at this low temperature must
have acquired increased power of absorption, and it may be that at
the same time the factor of molecular friction or damping may have
diminished." The cautious terms in which this partial explanation is
couched suggest how far we still are from a full understanding of the
interesting phenomena of phosphorescence. That a molecule should be
able to vibrate in such a way as to produce the short waves of light,
dissevered from the usual linking with the vibrations represented by
high temperature, is one of the standing puzzles of physics. And the
demonstrated increase of this capacity at very low temperatures only
adds to the mystery.
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