Negro predisposition for slavery—Slave trade in the Roman world, in Muhammadan countries and India—Great development consequent on the exploitation of America—English slave traders—English Anti-Slavery movement—Author’s own experiences of slave trade—Steps taken by various European countries to abolish Slave Trade—By Great Britain in particular—Rev. S. W. Koelle—Zanzibar slave trade—Wadai and Tripoli—Ethics of slavery—A word of warning to the Negro—The foundation and history of Liberia—Dr Blyden 151 CHAPTER VIII THE BRITISH IN AFRICA, I (_West Coast, Morocco, North-Central_) The English in West Africa—The Gambia—Sierra Leone—Gold Coast—Ashanti—Northern Territories—Lagos—Niger Delta—Beecroft—Benin—E. H. Hewett—H. H. Johnston—J. R. Phillips—Northern Nigeria—Dr Baikie—Sir G. Taubman Goldie—Lugard and Morland—Bornu—Fulas—Great Britain and Tripoli—and Morocco 168 CHAPTER IX THE FRENCH IN WEST AND NORTH AFRICA The Dieppe adventurers—Jannequin de Rochefort and the Senegal—Brüe and the foundation of the colony of Senegal—Campagnon—Progress of French rule over Senegambia—Seul Faidherbe—the Fula Empires—Advance to the Niger—Samori and Ahmadu—Timbuktu—Binger and the Ivory Coast—Samori—Timbuktu definitely occupied—Busa and the Anglo-French Convention—Administrative divisions of French W. Africa—France and Egypt—Algiers—Development of Algeria—Tunis—The Sahara—Voulet and Chanoine—Morocco Protectorate—Abyssinia—Marchand—Somaliland—French Congo—Gaboon—The Shari and Mubangi—Cessions to Germany—Bagirmi and Wadai—Senussi—Trans-Sahara Railway 196 CHAPTER X CHRISTIAN MISSIONS Their work the antithesis to the slave trade—Portuguese missions to Congoland, to the Zambezi, to Abyssinia—First Protestant missions—Church Missionary Society—Dr Krapf—Wesleyans, Methodists, Society for Propagation of the Gospel—Roman Catholic missions to Algeria, Congoland, the Nile—Cardinal Lavigerie—The ‘White Fathers’—The Jesuits on the Zambezi—in Madagascar—The London Missionary Society—Swiss and German Protestant Missions—French Evangelical Missions—Presbyterian (Scotch) Missions—Norwegian and American Missions—Linguistic work of latter—Universities’ Mission—Plymouth Brethren—Baptists—North African Mission—Zambezi Industrial Mission—Abyssinian Christianity 239 CHAPTER XI THE BRITISH IN AFRICA, II (_South and South-Central_)