Podophthalmia; it leads into the Stomopoda, and likewise, as has been noticed by many authors, into the sub-class Branchiopoda, which latter sub-class is considered by Mr. Dana as only a part of the Entomostraca; this group, therefore, exhibits affinities radiating in several directions, and amongst these lines of relationship, one more must, I believe, be added, plainly directed towards the Cirripedia. [16] M. Martin St. Ange ('Mémoire sur l'Organ. des Cirripèdes,' 1835, extrait des 'Savans Etrangers,' tom. vi) has compared the mouth of Lepas with that of Phyllosoma, and has given comparative figures; but the resemblance is founded, I believe, on quite false homologies. One naturally wishes to ascertain how far Cirripedia are highly or lowly organised and developed; but in all cases this, as it seems to me, is a very obscure enquiry. Mr. Dana considers that, in Crustacea, the greater or less centralisation of all the appendages round the mouth is the main sign of high development; on this view, the anterior part of a Cirripede, from being so much elongated, must be considered as very low in the scale; the whole posterior part of the body, on the other hand, is, in ordinary Cirripedes, brought close to the mouth; but this is effected by the abortion of the seventh and eighth segments of the cephalo-thorax and of the whole abdomen, and so, I presume, would not, in Mr. Dana's estimation, raise the class much in the scale. Von Baer[17] considers that the perfection of the type of any animal is in relation to the amount of "morphological differentiation" which it has undergone; on this view, Cirripedes ought to stand high in the scale, for they differ much morphologically from the type of the class to which they belong; as indeed is shown by the long time that elapsed before their true position, namely amongst the Crustacea, was even suspected; but something more must, I think, be added to Von Baer's definition; for, to take as an example the eyes of a Cirripede,--as seen in the first larval stage, there is only one eye, and that most simple; in the pupa there are two, both compound, and furnished with complicated muscles; lastly, in the mature animal there are still two, but of very minute size, often almost confluent, and of the simplest structure; hence, then, there has been much morphological differentiation, but it is almost a contradiction in terms to speak, in relation to such a case, of _perfection_ of type; and what has happened to one organ, might happen to other organs, and so to the whole animal. Lastly, under a physiological point of view, and taking the Balanidæ as the most perfect type of the class, the sub-œsophageal portion of the nervous system is highly concentrated; the organs of sense, excepting the eyes, seem more largely developed than in ordinary Crustaceans; the circulating system is of the simplest kind, being only lacunal; special Branchiæ, however, are developed by the metamorphosis of, as I believe,