Lastly, the males of Alcippe and Cryptophialus (Pl. 23, fig. 19, and Pl. 24, fig. 19) are remarkable for their similarity to each other, considering the essential dissimilarity of the two females. The females live in cavities which they excavate in the shells of Molluscs, and within which they are attached by a horny disc; this disc is the only part of the outer integument which is not frequently moulted, and, apparently in consequence, the males are attached to its edges. It results from this position, that the males are protected by being enclosed within the cavity excavated by the female; and it further results, that the males are attached at a considerable distance from the orifice of the sack of the female, into which the spermatozoa have to be conveyed; and to effect this, the probosciformed penis is wonderfully developed, so that in Cryptophialus, when fully extended, it must equal between eight and nine times the entire length of the animal! These males, like those last mentioned of Scalpellum, consist of a mere bag, lined by a few muscles, enclosing an eye, and attached at the lower end by the pupal antennæ; it has an orifice at its upper end, and within it there lies coiled up, like a great worm, the probosciformed penis, and beneath it a single testis, with a single vesicula seminalis. These organs complete the whole organisation of the male; for there is no mouth, no stomach, no thorax, no abdomen, and no appendages or limbs of any kind. Yet all these parts are present in the female. I know of no other instance in the animal kingdom of such an amount of abortion. The whole exterior of these males evidently is composed, as in all ordinary Cirripedes, of the three first cephalic segments; of the fourteen succeeding segments of the archetype Cirripede we have not a vestige, excepting the probosciformed penis, which, from analogy, should arise from the ventral apex of the seventeenth segment, the first three segments of the head being counted in the seventeen. Here, then, fourteen out of seventeen segments have aborted, the tip of the seventeenth having coalesced with the third cephalic segment! I am tempted just to notice the case of Proteolepas, in the order Apoda, as showing, within the limits of the same sub-class, a wonderful amount and diversity in abortion; for in Proteolepas, the three anterior cephalic segments are reduced to the merest rudiment, encasing the cement-ducts, the fourteen succeeding segments being unusually well developed; whereas in the above described males, we have just seen the three anterior segments fully developed, whilst the fourteen succeeding segments are lost or have coalesced with the others; so that within the same sub-class all seventeen segments of the archetype have almost disappeared.