[177] Paulus, v, 4, 14, who adds that exile was the penalty if the crime had not been completely carried out. It would seem also that ravished women had the option of deciding whether their seducers should marry them or be put to death--see the _vitiatarum electiones_ as mentioned by Tacitus, _Dial. de Orat_., 35. According to Ruffus, 40, a soldier who did violence to a girl had his nostrils cut off, besides being forced to give the injured woman a third part of his goods: militi, qui puellae vim adtulerit et stupraverit, nares abscinduntur, data puellae tertia militis facultatum parte. [178] Paulus, v, 4, 21. [179] By the lex Fabia. Paulus, v, 30 B. Digest, 48, 15; 17, 2, 51. [180] Ulpian in Dig., 48, 8, 8; ibid., Tryphoninus, 48, 19, 39. [181] Paulus, v, 23, 14; id. in Dig., 48, 19, 38. [182] Paulus, supra cit. [183] Martial, x, 35, and x, 38. [184] Sappho, Telesilla, and Corinna belong to an earlier period, when the Oriental idea of seclusion for women had not yet become firmly fixed in Greece. Women like Agallis of Corcyra, who wrote on grammar (Athenaeus, i, 25) and lived in a much later age, doubtless belonged to the _hetaerae_ class. [185] See, e.g., Pliny, _Letters_, v, 16. [186] Pliny, _Letters_, i, 16. [187] Persius, i, 4-5: Ne mihi Polydamas et Troiades Labeonem praetulerint? "Are you afraid that Polydamas and the Trojan Ladies will prefer Labeo to me?" The _Trojan Ladies_, of course, stand for the aristocratic classes, Colonial Dames, so to speak, who were fond of tracing their descent back to Troy just as Americans like to discover that their ancestors came over in the _Mayflower_. [188] Juvenal, vi, 434-440. [189] Cf. Martial, ii, 90: sit mihi verna satur, sit non doctissima coniunx. [190] The famous verses of Martial: Quid tibi nobiscum, ludi scelerate magister? Invisum pueris virginibusque caput! [191] Vespasian (69-79 A.D.) started free public education by appointing Quintilian Professor of Rhetoric subsidised by the state. Succeeding emperors enlarged upon it; but especially Alexander Severus (222-235 A.D.), who instituted salaries for teachers of rhetoric, literature, medicine, mechanics, and architecture in Rome and the provinces, and had poor boys attend the lectures free of charge--see Lampridius, _Alex. Severus_, 44. [192] Pliny, _Paneg._, 26. Spartianus, _Hadrian_, 7, 8-9. Capitolinus, _Anton. Pius 8_; id. _M. Anton. Phil._ II. Lampridius, _Alex_. _Severus_, 57. [193] Pliny, _Letters_, vii, 18. The sum was 500,000 sesterces. [194] Any infringement of this vow was punished by burial alive--for instances, see Suetonius, _Domitian_, 8; Herodian, iv, 6, 4: Pliny, _Letters_ iv, 11; Dio, 77, 16 (Xiphilin). Their paramours were beaten to death. [195] A full account of the Vestals will be found in Aulus Gellius, i, 12. [196] Quintilian, vii, 3, 27: ad servum nulla lex pertinet. On the rare instances when a slave could inform against his master in a public court, see Hermogenianus in Dig., v, 1, 53.