RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 441 The Development of Individualism. The Harmonization of the Individual and Society. INDEX 447 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE FIG. OPPOSITE PAGE 1. 1. Elders explaining to young men of an Australian tribe at the ‘initiatory ceremonies’ 8 2. A Hindu school in the open air, with the village schoolmaster teaching boys to write on a strip of palm leaf with an iron stylus 8 2. 3. The _palæstra_ in education at Athens 14 4. The _didascaleum_ in education at Athens 14 3. 5. Roman school materials 36 6. Scene at a ludus or Roman elementary school 36 4. 7. A monk in the _scriptorium_ 56 8. A monastic school 56 5. 9. The temple of wisdom; an allegorical representation of the mediæval course of study 72 6. 10. The lecture in mediæval universities 80 11. The disputation in mediæval universities 80 7. 12 and 13. Preliminaries and termination of a combat in the education of chivalry 86 14. Boys playing tournament with a ‘quintain’ or dummy man 86 8. 15. Apprenticeship training in a gild 92 16. Gild school at Stratford, where Shakespeare learned ‘little Latin and less Greek’ 92 9. 17. Great English Public Schools: Winchester and Eton 120 10. 18. Education of the Jesuits: Jesuit College at Regensburg and diagram of a Jesuit schoolroom 136 11. 19. School of the Christian Brothers at Rouen 146 20. A Protestant school in a German village of the sixteenth century 146 12. 21. A page from the _Orbis Pictus_ of Comenius, illustrating a lesson on a trade 170 13. 22. Town school at Dedham (Massachusetts) with watch-tower, built in 1648 198 23. Boston Latin School, founded in 1635 198 24. The buildings of Harvard College, erected in 1675, 1699, and 1720 198 14. 25. The child as a miniature adult 228 26. A naturalistic school 228