Free verse; Modernism (Literature); Poetry, Modern -- 20th century -- History and criticism
For the virtue of the poem is not in its being set down on paper, as a
picture’s is in the way it is set down on canvas. Genius in the poet
is a sympathy between different parts of his own mind, in the painter
between his paint-brush and his canvas. Method in poetry is therefore
not anything that can be talked about in terms of physical form. The
poem is not the paper, not the type, not the spoken syllables. It is
as invisible and as inaudible as thought; and the only method that
the real poet is interested in using is one that will present the
poem without making it either visible or audible, without turning it
into a substitute for a picture or for music. But when conservatism
of method, through its abuse by slack-minded poets, has come to mean
the supplanting of the poem by an exercise in poet-craft, then there
is a reasonable place for innovation, if the new method defeats the
old method and brings up the important question: how should poetry be
written? Once this question is asked, the new method has accomplished
its end. Further than this it should not be allowed to go, for poems
cannot be written from a formula. The principal value of a new method
is that it can act as a strong deterrent against writing in a worn-out
style. It is not suggested here that poets should imitate Cummings, but
that poems like Cummings’ and the attention they demand should make it
harder for the standardized article to pass itself off as poetry. If we
return to the two versions of the sunset piece, it will be seen just
how this benefit is conferred. We may not accept the Cummings version,
but once we have understood it we cannot return with satisfaction to
the standardized one.
Turning back for a more direct comparison of these two versions, we
perceive how much of the force of the original has been lost in the
second. We have used capitals throughout as in formal verse, but have
thus eliminated the large final _S_, which was one of the most
important properties of the original, and given a look of unnecessary
importance to words like _And_, _To_, and _So_. By
substituting normal spacing and verse-form we have had to disregard
the significance of the double spacing and indentation, and of the
variation in the length of the lines. Formal indentation can either be
a guide to rhyming pairs or a sign that the first part of a line is
missing, but it cannot denote musical rests of varying value as with
Cummings. We have also expanded the suggested ideas by grammatic means
and supplemented them with the words that seemed to have been omitted.
But in so doing we have sacrificed the compactness of the previous poem
and introduced a definiteness which is false to its carefully devised
dreaminess. So by correcting the poem in those poetic features in
which it seemed deficient we have not added anything to it but on the
contrary detracted from it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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