34. P. BRYOIDES. Dicks. St. ⅛–¼in. simple or branched; l. lower, ovate pointed, upper elliptic ovate concave erect, margin reflexed, pointed with the excurrent nerve; caps. elliptical, with an oblique blunt point, brown, exserted. Barren fl. sometimes terminal on a short branch. Banks and fields, rare. Spring. var. β. leaves piliferous. γ. _curvisetum._ Pedicel curved, longer. δ. caps. roundish, pedicel very short. ε. smaller, with piliferous leaves. (_P. pusillum_ Schleich.) ζ. _Thornhillii._ “l. spreading sub-reflexed spathulato-lanceolate, margin plane, nerve slightly excurrent; caps. narrowly elliptical, rostrate, pedicel elongated.” SECT. IV. Barren fl. naked in the axil of a perichætial leaf. 35. P. PATENS. Hedw. St. ⅛in. l. more or less spreading, sometimes recurved, obovate-lanceolate, serrulate near the apex, concave, nerve ceasing below apex; caps. immersed spherical pointed, pale brown, sub-sessile. Clay banks and fields. Autumn. SECT. V. Stems growing by innovations, caps. therefore often apparently lateral, leaves narrow, almost setaceous. 36. P. NITIDUM. Hedw. L. generally erect, linear-lanceolate, keeled, sub-denticulate near apex, nerved (thin) nearly to summit; caps. elliptical, with a short oblique point, sometimes pendulous, on a short pedicel. Moist banks, &c. Autumn, Spring. 37. P. SUBULATUM. L. St. ⅛in. l. lanceolate, sharply tapering from a broadish base, not keeled, with a broad nerve ceasing near the apex; per. l. almost setaceous; caps. roundish-ovoid pale brown, immersed, on a very short pedicel. Banks and fields, common. Spring. 38. P. ALTERNIFOLIUM. Bruch. & S. St. sometimes with innovations, ½in. long, or more; st. l. lanceolate acuminate from a broad base; per. l. subulate-setaceous, with a thick nerve, excurrent and forming nearly the upper half of the leaf; caps. ovoid immersed, brownish, with an oblique point. Banks and fallow ground. Spring. SECT. VI. Stems perennial branched; leaves linear-lanceolate firm strongly nerved; caps. with traces of a dehiscent lid; barren fl. gemmiform, terminal on a branch or sometimes axillary. 39. P. CRISPUM. Hedw. St. ¼in. cæspitose; with fastigiate branches; l. lanceolate-subulate, grooved erect or spreading, margins involute, nerve excurrent; per. l. very long, concave at base, sometimes almost secund; caps. roundish, immersed, pale brown, with an oblique beak. Banks and fields, chiefly limestone. Spring. 40. P. MULTICAPSULARE. Smith. St. ½in., loosely tufted; leaves distant, alternate, spreading, lanceolate, somewhat obtuse, with an excurrent nerve and plane margin; per. l. longer and broader, erect, incurved; capsule ovoid tapering to an oblique short beak, on a longish pedicel, sometimes two together. Fields, &c., rare. III. var. β. _Mittenii._ Stems fragile, l. shorter, acute, recurved; p. l. smaller; caps. on a longer pedicel.