ADVANCED (WOODLAND) PHASE 1000(?)-100(?) B.C. Numerous storage pits containing acorn and hickory nut remains Medium-sized settlement sites Post holes outlining a square area Post holes outlining a circular or oval area Flat-bottomed flaring-walled Woodland pots (“flower pots”) Polished stone gorgets Burials in settlement sites Storage of acorns, nuts and seeds Larger population concentrations of perhaps a 100 or 150 persons Semi- to permanent log dwellings, logs upright Possibly insignia or badges of leadership or individual prowess Religion probably transitional between Archaic and plant-raising types CLASSIC (WOODLAND) PHASE [HOPEWELLIAN] 500 B.C.-500 A.D. Chipped limonite hoes Charred maize kernels and cobs (and in Ohio, beans and squash seeds) Cloth and feather cloth remains Basketry, matting and colored textile impressions Marine shell vessels Tortoise shell dishes River mussel shell spoons with “handles” Excellent polished black and painted pottery with occasional variation of form—shallow bowls, beakers, effigy and globular shapes A coarser duty Woodland ware with elongated bodies and pointed or flattened bases Large areas with village refuse and numerous mounds Post holes outlining an oval or circular area (rare) Pottery statuettes showing dress and ornaments worn Jewelry of copper, silver, meteoric iron, cut and polished shell beads, small marine shells, bears teeth sometimes set with copper, pearls or colorful stones, etc. Ear ornaments of copper, etc. Marine shells from south Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of United States Mica from North Carolina Obsidian from Wyoming (?) Copper from Lake Superior region Galena from northwestern Illinois Native pearls from river clams Gorgets of stone, shell and copper (breastplates) Pearls and ground shell beads distributed over the torso of skeleton Deer antlers near human skull in grave Cut maxillaries (more rarely mandibles) of bear or man on skeletons as if worn as pendants _Cassis madagascarensis_ shell vessels Copper hatchets and adzes etc. Platform type tobacco pipes Medium to large “dome-shaped” burial mounds enclosing Log (rarely stone) tomb chambers Bundle burials and ossuaries in mounds with central tomb (northern Illinois) Cemeteries near mounds (southern Illinois) Bodies buried generally in extended position rarely flexed and often accompanied by pots, weapons and artistic products “Pipes of Pan” Beautifully chipped broad spearheads of special subtypes Effigy dagger with sheath made from bears’ teeth