An Account of the Late Improvements in Galvanism: With a Series of Curious and Interesting Experiments Performed Before the Commissioners of the French National Institute, and Repeated Lately in the Anatomical Theatres of LondonAldini, Giovanni
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An Account of the Late Improvements in Galvanism: With a Series of Curious and Interesting Experiments Performed Before the Commissioners of the French National Institute, and Repeated Lately in the Anatomical Theatres of London
Aldini, Giovanni
Electricity -- Early works to 1850
Having repeated the same experiments on live chickens, I found, to my
great surprise, notwithstanding the weakness of their organization,
that they sustained with firmness the strongest shocks, communicated
several times, with a pile composed of fifty plates of silver and
zinc. Though apparently dejected, and almost on the point of
expiring,—as soon as I interrupted the action of the pile, they
fluttered their wings, and seemed to congratulate themselves on their
escape from danger.
The curiosity natural to a philosopher induced me to subject these
birds to anatomical dissection, that I might examine what effects had
been produced on the animal machine by these convulsions. The
principal phænomena which I observed were extravasated blood in the
muscles; a derangement of the humours in different parts; the
intestines removed from their usual seat, and thrown towards the
pelvis. At some future period, I purpose to examine how long these
animals are capable of living under the continued action of Galvanism,
applied to them in different ways.
EXPERIMENT IX.
I applied the Galvanic action to a pullet just killed, forming an arc
from one of the ears to the other. When this arrangement was made, I
observed contractions not only in the feet, but also in the wings and
the whole animal machine. The same phænomena were produced by the same
means in two other pullets. I then combined the different parts of
these three pullets in such a manner, that the head of the second was
joined to the foot of the first, and the head of the third to the head
of the second. An arc being then formed to the two extremities of this
chain of animal parts, I was much pleased to see the three pullets
move their wings and their feet at the same time.
EXPERIMENT X.
The results of the preceding experiments led me to examine the power
of an arc formed by animal moisture. For this purpose, having
connected the heads of two oxen, (Plate II. fig. 3.) by bringing near
each other the sections of the neck, I established an arc from the
summit of the pile to one of the ears of one head, and another from
the base of the pile to one of the ears of the other. When this
arrangement was made, I observed that both the heads exhibited evident
signs of muscular contractions.
EXPERIMENT XI.
The trunks of two calves being united by the sections of the neck, and
an arc being established by the interposition of the pile from the
anus of the one to that of the other, both the trunks received, at the
same time, a commotion, but not very violent. I repeated this
experiment on the trunks of two lambs, but with a more striking
result, as all the extremities and muscles experienced violent
convulsions. A glass vessel, employed for the experiments, which stood
on the table, was overturned by one of the extremities, and thrown to
the distance of about two feet. I tried other combinations, but the
contractions were weaker.
EXPERIMENT XII.
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