An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent — John Shaqi
An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of AssentNewman, John Henry
Religion
An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent
Newman, John Henry
Faith; Theism
Of course I am speaking of assent itself, and its intrinsic conditions,
not of the ground or motive of it. Whether there is an obligation upon
the child to trust his mother, or whether there are cases where such
trust is impossible, are irrelevant questions, and I notice them in
order to put them aside. I am examining the act of assent itself, not
its preliminaries, and I have specified three directions, which among
others the assent may take, viz. assent immediately to a proposition,
assent to its truth, and assent both to its truth and to the ground
of its being true together,—“Lucern is food for cattle,”—“That lucern
is medicago sativa is true,”—and “My mother’s word, that lucern is
medicago sativa, and is food for cattle, is the truth.” Now in each of
these there is one and the same absolute adhesion of the mind to the
proposition, on the part of the child; he assents to the apprehensible
proposition, and to the truth of the inapprehensible, and to the
veracity of his mother in her assertion of the inapprehensible. I say
the same absolute adhesion, because, unless he did assent without any
reserve to the proposition that lucern was food for cattle, or to the
accuracy of the botanical name and description of it, he would not be
giving an unreserved assent to his mother’s word: yet, though these
assents are all unreserved, still they certainly differ in strength,
and this is the next point to which I wish to draw attention. It is
indeed plain, that, though the child assents to his mother’s veracity,
without perhaps being conscious of his own act, nevertheless that
particular assent of his has a force and life in it which the other
assents have not, insomuch as he apprehends the proposition, which is
the subject of it, with greater keenness and energy than belongs to
his apprehension of the others. Her veracity and authority is to him
no abstract truth or item of general knowledge, but is bound up with
that image and love of her person which is part of himself, and makes a
direct claim on him for his summary assent to her general teachings.
Accordingly, by reason of this circumstance of his apprehension
he would not hesitate to say, did his years admit of it, that he
would lay down his life in defence of his mother’s veracity. On the
other hand, he would not make such a profession in the case of the
propositions, “Lucern is food for cattle,” or “That lucern is medicago
sativa is true;” and yet it is clear too, that, if he did in truth
assent to these propositions, he would have to die for them also,
rather than deny them, when it came to the point, unless he made up
his mind to tell a falsehood. That he would have to die for all three
propositions severally rather than deny them, shows the completeness
and absoluteness of assent in its very nature; that he would not
spontaneously challenge so severe a trial in the case of two out of the
three particular acts of assent, illustrates in what sense one assent
may be stronger than another.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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