71. SERIES OF HELMS OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY.--Fig. 1. From the effigy of Hugo Fitz Eudo, in Kirkstead Chapel, Lincolnshire. A drawing of the whole figure will be found in Powell's Collections in the British Museum: Add. MS. 17,462, fol. 71. Fig. 2. From a carving in an arcade of the Presbytery, Worcester Cathedral. Fig. 3. From a sculpture in the Cathedral of Constance: the entire figure is given in Hefner's Costumes, Part i. Plate IV. Fig. 4. From the Seal of Hugo de Vere, fourth earl of Oxford: 1221-63. Fig. 5. From a knightly figure on folio 27 of Harleian MS. 32,44: circa 1250. Fig. 6. From the Great Seal of Alexander II., king of Scotland: 1214-49: from an impression appended to Cotton Charter, xix. 2. Fig. 7. From Seal of Robert Fitz Walter, Lord of Wodeham and Castellan of London: circa 1298. See page 334. Fig. 8. From a glass-painting in Chartres Cathedral, representing Ferdinand, king of Castille: circa 1250. Fig. 9. A helm of iron in the Tower collection. Fig. 10. From a miniature on Cotton Roll, xv. 7. Fig. 11. From the Seal of Louis of Savoy: circa 1294. The whole figure is given by Cibrario in the _Sigilli de' Principi di Savoia_, Plate XXX. Fig. 12. An example of the so-called Sugar-loaf helm: from Royal MS. 20. D. i. Compare that on the brass of Sir Roger de Trumpington, which is somewhat more ornate (woodcut, No. 73). 278 72. Combat of knights, from Roy. MS. 20, D. i.; a volume already used for our illustrations numbered 47 and 48. Both figures are armed from head to foot in banded-mail, and have the characteristic helm of the period: of "sugar-loaf" form, and brought so low as to rest on the shoulders. The warrior on the left hand wears a crown over his helm, and has the further decoration of a fan-crest of ungainly size. The shields are of the old kite shape, but much reduced in their dimensions from their Neustrian prototypes. The crowned combatant has a dagger at his right side: an early instance of an arrangement which afterwards became very common. The caparison of the horses does not appear to be of a defensive construction; but an under-housing of gamboiserie or chain-work may perhaps in such cases be implied. 283 73. Monumental brass of Sir Roger de Trumpington, executed about 1290, and still occupying its old position in the parish church "At Trompington, not fer fro Cantebrigge[1]."