XV TRUE PRINCIPLES OF HOMERIC CRITICISM Story of Phidias’ statue and Homer—Homer tested by art—Flaws in material—Absorption in immediate effects—Told story different from story read—Outline of a study on a broad scale—Variety, alternation, growth in Homeric battling—Homeric palace, the place of Homer’s recital 106 XVI THE CHILD-TEST OF LITERATURE Child-test in religion and morals, in the Bible—Homer’s mother and child—Hector and Andromache—Child in later literature rare—Latin writers—Conventionality instead of Homeric naturalness 114 XVII THE CHRIST-CHILD TEST OF LITERATURE Christ-Child in art—Christmas and the drama—In Ireland—Medieval and Renaissance writers—Milton’s war-like child—Wordsworth, Shelley, Tennyson, Longfellow—Return of naturalness in Stevenson, Carroll and others—Faith and its effects in Thompson and Tabb 119 APPENDIX GREEK SPEAKS FOR ITSELF Mosaic of etymology—Ecclesiastical sphere—Diet, posies and programs—Geography, zoology, politics—Pharmacies and surgery—Schools and composition—Apology and epitaph 129 NOTE: THE NATURE OF ESTHETIC ENJOYMENT Ownership not of the essence of beauty as of good—Perception sufficient for the enjoyment of the beautiful—No new faculty required—Pleasure is normal life consciously localized—Esthetic Enjoyment in the simple apprehension, not in judgment or inference as such—Fact not of the essence of esthetic enjoyment, which is had in fiction too—_Causa Exemplaris_—Imagination, source of originality—Aristotle’s principles: creation, motivation, unity, universality 134 A FORWARD-LOOKING LESSON IN LITERATURE 159 ART PRINCIPLES IN LITERATURE PART FIRST ART IN THE APPRECIATION OF LITERATURE I ART AND THE INDIVIDUAL 1. INDIVIDUALISM AND RESPONSIBILITY