Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical InstrumentsServiss, Garrett Putman
Science
Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical Instruments
Serviss, Garrett Putman
Astronomy
The chief star of Virgo, Spica, is remarkable for its pure white light.
To my eye there is no conspicuous star in the sky equal to it in this
respect, and it gains in beauty when viewed with a glass. With the aid
of the map the reader will find the celebrated binary star Gamma
([gamma]) Virginis, although he will not be able to separate its
components without a telescope. It is a curious fact that the star
Epsilon ([epsilon]) in Virgo has for many ages been known as the
Grape-Gatherer. It has borne this name in Greek, in Latin, in Persian,
and in Arabic, the origin of the appellation undoubtedly being that it
was observed to rise just before the sun in the season of the vintage.
It will be observed that the stars [epsilon], [delta], [gamma], [eta],
and [beta], mark two sides of a quadrilateral figure of which the
opposite corner is indicated by Denebola in the tail of Leo. Within this
quadrilateral lies the marvelous Field of the Nebulae, a region where
with adequate optical power one may find hundreds of these strange
objects thronging together, a very storehouse of the germs of suns and
worlds. Unfortunately, these nebulae are far beyond the reach of an
opera-glass, but it is worth while to know where this curious region is,
even if we can not behold the wonders it contains. The stars Omicron
([omicron]), Pi ([pi]), etc., forming a little group, mark the head of
Virgo.
The autumnal equinox, or the place where the sun crosses the equator of
the heavens on his southerly journey about the 21st of September, is
situated nearly between the stars [eta] and [beta] Virginis, a little
below the line joining them, and somewhat nearer to [eta]. Both [eta]
and [zeta] Virginis are almost exactly upon the equator of the heavens.
The constellation Libra, lying between Virgo and Scorpio, does not
contain much to attract our attention. Its two chief stars, [alpha] and
[beta], may be readily recognized west of and above the head of Scorpio.
The upper one of the two, [beta], has a singular greenish tint, and the
lower one, [alpha], is a very pretty double for an opera-glass.
The constellation of Libra appears to have been of later date than the
other eleven members of the zodiacal circle. Its two chief stars at one
time marked the extended claws of Scorpio, which were afterward cut off
(perhaps the monster proved too horrible even for its inventors) to form
Libra. As its name signifies, Libra represents a balance, and this fact
seems to refer the invention of the constellation back to at least three
hundred years before Christ, when the autumnal equinox occurred at the
moment when the sun was just crossing the western border of the
constellation. The equality of the days and nights at that season
readily suggests the idea of a balance. Milton, in "Paradise Lost,"
suggests another origin for the constellation of the Balance in the
account of Gabriel's discovery of Satan in paradise:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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