The work bears few signs of being hastily printed. There are only nine typographical errors,[11] and four of these are catchwords. There is no evidence to suggest that there was more than one printing of the pamphlet,[12] and the use of several Scotticisms[13] seems to offer support for the contention that the pamphlet was intended for a primarily Scottish audience. William Lee was the first to ascribe the work to Defoe, and this ascription has been accepted by both Dottin and Moore.[14] The evidence for assigning this work to Defoe seems to rest on the two letters to Harley quoted above. Another proof of Defoe's authorship of _Atalantis Major_ is to be found in the remark it contains, "That the Southern Part of the Island [that is, England] was the most remarkable of any, as to the Policy of their Government, and the Character of the People; and excepting _Englishmen_ and _Polanders_, there is not such another Nation in the World" (p. 12). In 1704 Defoe had written _The Dyet of Poland_, a poem in which he had made a similar unflattering comparison between England and Poland. A far more substantial case for Defoe's authorship can be made from the existence of the anecdote of John White, Edinburgh's hangman, in both a letter to Harley (18 November 1710) and the _Review_ (for 30 November 1710), as well as in _Atalantis Major_ (pp. 22-3). Key to Names and Characters in _Atalantis Major_ In the thinly disguised allegory of _Atalantis Major_, _Atalantis_ is, of course, Britain. _Olreeky_, or _Old Reeky_, or simply _Reeky_, is still used as an affectionate local term for the city of Edinburgh, prone as it is to be enshrouded in mists and smoke in the early morning. _Tartary_ is France, and the French are referred to as either the _Tartarians_ or the _Barbarians_. Jacobites are also indicated by the name _Tartarians_, since the Pretender's cause was actively supported by Louis XIV. _Japan_ is Spain and _China_ stands for Holland. The characters who appear in _Atalantis Major_ are (in the order that they are mentioned): _The Duke de Sanquarius_ (p. 14) is James Douglas, second Duke of Queensberry and Duke of Dover (1662-1711); _The Earl of Stairdale_ (p. 15) is John Dalrymple, second Earl of Stair (1673-1747); _The Earl of Crawlinfordsay_ (p. 16) is John Lindsay, nineteenth Earl of Crawford (d. 1713); _The Prince of Greeniccio of the ancient Blood of Argyllius_ (p. 17) is John Campbell, second Duke of Argyll, Baron Chatham and Earl of Greenwich (1678-1742); _The Earl of Marereskine_ (p. 18) is John Erskine, eleventh Earl of Mar of the Erskine line (1675-1732); _The Prince de Heymuthius_ (p. 18) is John Churchill, first Duke of Marlborough and Baron Churchill of Aymouth (1650-1722); _The Earl of Dolphinus_ (p. 18) is Sidney Godolphin (1645-1712);