Bad Drains; and How to Test Them: With notes on the ventilation of sewers, drains, and sanitary fittings, and the origin and transmission of zymotic diseaseReeves, R. Harris
Science
Bad Drains; and How to Test Them: With notes on the ventilation of sewers, drains, and sanitary fittings, and the origin and transmission of zymotic disease
Reeves, R. Harris
Sewerage
This experiment was undoubtedly one that if it had been continued
(instead of being abandoned), and the errors corrected, would have led
to a more practical result. The area of the air space to the furnace was
8 feet, and the current 542 feet, or equal to 6 miles an hour. If this
current had been the same in the sewers as in the channel, the suction
produced on the water-traps of the small drains attached would lift the
water in each trap a little more than 3 inches. But as the ordinary trap
has only an average 2-inch dip, the weakest would have been at once
sucked and the experiment a failure. Had the dips of the traps been 4
inches, the drains would have remained sealed except at the intended
inlets. The air being supplied at the ends would have gone through the
sewers without breaking the water-seal, providing that the air space
between the crown of the sewer and the sewage was not in any way
blocked. If the current in the sewers had been less than 200 feet per
minute, the ordinary trap would have effectually sealed the various
inlets.
Had the average area of gas space above the sewage been 8 feet, the
whole of the 6½ miles of sewers would have been emptied of its gas and
supplied with fresh air in about an hour. The different areas should not
have been considered, but the total quantity of gas taken.
The velocities of 100 feet here mentioned, is accounted for as follows.
Should the sewage in any part of the sewers lower itself, causing an
additional gas space in that part of the sewer, the rush of gas in the
sewer to fill the space would cause this 100 feet per minute current.
These hitherto unaccountable currents in sewers and drains are produced
by the variation of the gas space above the sewage, the result of water
being thrown in at the various inlets.
The gases of a sewer may be passing backward and forward in currents
varying from 100 to 300 feet per minute, and not any ventilation would
take place except at the gratings, and this would be very little indeed
when the gas in the sewer was of a heavier gravity than the atmosphere.
Speaking on the same subject, Colonel Haywood says, “a down draught so
complete as to be superior to the diffusive power of the gases, you
cannot start with a velocity of less than 2 miles an hour, and suppose
the whole district has been so arranged as to have a sufficient
exhaustive power, the mere opening of a water-closet, or the enlarging
or the putting in of a new drain into a sewer, or the making of a hole a
foot square, or a servant taking up a bell trap in a sink, or a
sewer-man lifting a side entrance covering, would very much destroy the
power of the furnace, and unless you had a gigantic power sufficient to
guard against these casualties the system could only be a failure.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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