Bad Drains; and How to Test Them: With notes on the ventilation of sewers, drains, and sanitary fittings, and the origin and transmission of zymotic diseaseReeves, R. Harris
Science
Bad Drains; and How to Test Them: With notes on the ventilation of sewers, drains, and sanitary fittings, and the origin and transmission of zymotic disease
Reeves, R. Harris
Sewerage
These poisons in the gas can be destroyed by washing the gas in a
chemical solution on leaving the grating, and since this has been done
medical men have cured the disease by washing the throat in a similar
solution.
Numbers of typhoid cases could be mentioned where poisons from putrid
matter were conveyed into the system by water, milk, and impure food,
but I have never heard of a case where the poison was detected leaving
one person for another.
If in 1883 a person had stated that cholera was not contagious, they
would have been ridiculed, yet the principal physician and those in
charge of the cholera hospitals of Paris last year, certified to the
representative of one of our daily papers that cholera was not
contagious. The cholera epidemic of last year proves that cholera
poisons are produced by heat and atmospheric influences on putrid
matter, and circumstances favour the theory that they are inorganic, and
when inhaled into the system poison the organisms of the blood to such
an extent as to produce the disease. Cases of cholera broke out in
different parts of the Continent at the same date, clearly showing that
contagion had nothing to do with producing or transmitting the disease.
In England our ports were jealously watched to prevent any case from
being landed. Had a case been landed, the excreta from that one case
might, when mixed with the sewage of a large town, have been the means
of spreading the disease through the whole district, as miles of sewers
are so laid that poisons in the gases can be effectually distributed
through the district in a very short time. Open ventilation to sewers
would greatly assist this, and especially when the gases in the drains
and the fresh air admitted into them were of a high temperature. It is
very improbable that cases if imported would break out in two towns at
the same time, or that the poison could be conveyed in the atmosphere
which divides us from the Continent.
Fortunately, when the continental outbreak was known, the authorities in
the metropolis and other towns used disinfectants on all known putrid
matter, and especially at the sewer gratings. This was an expensive
process, but it had the effect of preventing the atmospheric influences
(which were similar to those on the Continent) from developing the
poison to a vitality necessary to give the disease.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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