Most readers will be surprised to learn that a Bohemian had been one of the torchbearers of Reformation in Scotland. The name of this minor reformer is Paul of Kravař or Crawar, as Scotch writers spell the name. According to Burton[4] “Crawar was a German, believed to have come from Bohemia to propose the doctrines that had been preached by John Hus and Jerome of Prague. All that we are told of him personally is that he professed to be a physician, and to be traveling and visiting in the practice of his calling.” Kravař was burned at St. Andrews, July 23, 1433, as a heretic Hussite. “The churchman who records his burning,” relates Burton, “takes occasion to enlarge on the characteristics of Taborites and other Bohemian heretics.” Lang[5] states that “he was an envoy of the Hussite ‘miscreants.’ Lawrence of Lindores attacked him, but he found him well read in scriptures.” [4] John Hill Burton: _The History of Scotland_, v. 3, p. 114. The lords of Kravař were an ancient Bohemian family, who took a prominent part in the affairs of their nation already in the thirteenth century. Certain branches of the family were strong Hussite partisans. [5] Andrew Lang: _History of Scotland, from the Roman Occupation_, v. 1, pp. 310-11. [Illustration: John Hus Portrait by Hans Holbein] At no time before or after have the English taken a more genuine interest in Bohemia and her affairs than during the events which followed the outbreak of the Thirty Years’ War. Their concern over what was happening in Bohemia at that time was due, mainly, to two reasons. The first was that an Englishwoman, a daughter of the reigning family, had been elevated to the dignity of queen of that country. The second motive was a religious one. Bohemia lay in the direct zone of the conflict raging between Catholicism and Protestantism and Protestant England could not but be gravely concerned over the fate of Protestant Bohemia. Money was collected and troops were raised to sustain the cause of the Stuart Queen in Prague and incidentally of Protestantism and it has been said that if James had given his daughter the support which she and her husband expected from him, Bohemia’s position might have been wholly different today. But “King James,” a historian tells us, “never stood greatly affected, either to this war, or to the cause thereof and thereupon some regiments of inexperienced volunteers going over, instead of a well composed army, it was one reason, among many others, that not only Bohemia, but the Palatinate were also lost....” Elizabeth graced the Bohemian throne only for a few months between 1619-1620, but she insisted upon bearing the title of Queen of Bohemia to the end of her days (1596-1662). Likewise her husband, Frederick, (1596-1632) “was resolved to foregoe not the title of the King of Bohemia that he hath allreadie gotten.”