The fifteenth century saw four more Colleges added to the list of
Cambridge Houses: King's, 1441; Queens', 1448; St. Catharine's, 1473;
Jesus, 1495. The first of these was designed to eclipse every other
collegiate foundation in England. As finally settled by the will of
Henry VI, its founder, the society consisted of seventy souls under
the headship of a Provost. It is bound by sisterly ties to King
Henry's other foundation, the College of St. Mary at Eton. Eton,
indeed, was and is to King's College what Winchester has been to New
College in Oxford. Till 1857 the scholars of Eton proceeded by right
to scholarships and fellowships at King's. None but Etonians could
come upon the foundation, and Kingsmen enjoyed the further privilege
of proceeding to their degrees without any University examination.
The Society ceded these privileges in the year named, and by its
present statutes consists of a Provost, forty-six Fellows,
forty-eight Scholars, of whom twenty-four hold "close" scholarships
attached to Eton, two Chaplains, an Organist, and a Master of the
Boys. The choristers on the foundation are required to be of gentle
birth, and they have their education in an admirably equipped school
under the special government of the College. Of the buildings which
the founder not only contemplated but specified in a document drawn
up by himself, nothing but the Chapel was so much as set out. The
Gatehouse, the great Quadrangle, the Hall and Butteries, the Library,
the Provost's Lodging, the Cloister with its garth, the Bell Tower,
and the bridge across the river were planned and specified, but never
undertaken on the lines which the founder so carefully laid down.
The King died before he could sufficiently endow his college. His
immediate successors in the Crown of England, to whom in language
unforgetably solemn he commended the care of his foundation, did
something for it; but egotism being stronger than piety in princes,
those royalties of a later age who cared to patronize learning
preferred to initiate rather than complete. The Chapel of King's
College, however, owes a great deal to the munificence of the
Sovereigns of England. It took more than a century in building, and
cost for the stonework alone about £160,000, according to the present
value of money. To the completion of this magnificent structure
Edward IV, Richard III, Henry VII, Henry VIII, and Queen Elizabeth
subscribed on a liberal scale. The window glass and the woodwork
belong wholly to the sixteenth century, with here and there additions
of a later date. The roof, had it been carried out by the first set
of masons employed, would certainly have been "lierne" vaulted; but
by the time the walls were ready to bear a roof at all, "fan"
vaulting had come into vogue. The Chapel as it stands to-day
presents without doubt one of the most beautiful interiors to be seen
in England. The choir-screen and stalls are of Renaissance design,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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