Central-Station Electric Lighting: With Notes on the Methods Used for the Distribution of ElectricityHedges, Killingworth
History
Central-Station Electric Lighting: With Notes on the Methods Used for the Distribution of Electricity
Hedges, Killingworth
Electric light plants -- Europe
The Santa Radegonda station at Milan is at the present moment the
second largest Edison station in Europe. The building, which was
formerly a theatre, is well adapted for the work required; the dynamos
and engines are fixed in a deep basement, while the boilers are a few
feet above the street level, the upper floors being used as stores and
testing-rooms. The dynamos, eight in number, are of the old Edison
type, with horizontal magnets; seven of these machines are connected to
the feeders which supply the mains, and these cover the district to be
lighted on the Edison network system. The motive power is furnished by
six Armington-Sims, and two Porter-Allen engines, each connected direct
to the armature of a dynamo, the speed being maintained at the uniform
rate of 350 revolutions per minute, except in the case of the spare
engine and dynamo, which is kept turning slowly, ready to be switched
on should occasion demand. The starting or cutting-out of circuit of
these large machines requires some care. In the first place, to start,
it is necessary to insert resistance into the shunt circuit of the
dynamo, which is done by a switch; but to throw 150 horse-power into
the main circuit would be dangerous to the lamps, so that the current
is first sent into a bank of one thousand lamps used as a resistance,
and these are cut out step by step; similar care is taken when a
machine is stopped. To control the electro-motive force, which varies
greatly from time to time, hand regulation is used during the day, with
the help of the Edison tell-tale, consisting of two lamps, a red and
white one, which light up when the current is high or low; but when the
night service comes on, as it may happen that two thousand lamps may be
turned out at once, an attendant has to carefully watch the electric
regulator, and be ready to insert resistance into the field-magnet
circuits by moving a wheel connected by a shaft and bevel-gear to a
system of commutators. The principal difficulty to be overcome, in
an installation where the current is distributed over a large area,
is the regulation of the electro-motive force at the various points,
as at Milan; there are no return galvanometer wires, which are now
used in both the two and the three-wire Edison systems in the United
States. The plan devised by the company’s electrician at Milan is very
ingenious, and enables the pressure at the ends of the various feeders
to be kept practically the same, although they are of different lengths
and sectional area. In the first place, resistance was added to each
feeder to equalise the resistance in each conductor; and, in order to
provide for the varying amount of current the feeder has to supply, a
peculiar form of commutator, having a guillotine-shaped contact-piece,
was inserted in the circuit. By moving this, suitable resistance is
inserted or cut out, and the attendant, having a series of numbers, has
only to set this instrument to the number shown by the ampère meter. By
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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