All the above-mentioned errors may fairly be ascribed to carelessness and mischance. Others, however, are on record which have been committed knowingly and intentionally, and so can scarcely be classed as errors. They have been mostly connected with Biblical matters, and intended to further party interests. It is said that Field, a printer of the time of Charles I., was paid fifteen hundred pounds by the Independents to alter a single letter in the third verse of Acts VI., so as to make the word _we_ read ‘ye,’ and so give the right of appointing pastors to the people, and not to the apostles. The deplorable state of the press in Field’s time may be realised from the fact that Bishop Usher, on his way to preach at Paul’s Cross, asked at a stationer’s for a copy of the Bible; and on examining it, found, to his astonishment, that the text from which he was about to preach was not in the book! The well-known ‘Vinegar Bible’ was published in 1717, and obtains its name from the Parable of the Vineyard being printed as the Parable of the _Vinegar_. One of the most wilful alterations of the text, and one which cost its perpetrator her life, was committed by the widow of a German printer. One night, while an edition of the Bible was being printed in her house, she took the opportunity of altering the word _Herr_ into ‘Narr,’ making the verse read, ‘he shall be thy _fool_,’ instead of ‘he shall be thy _lord_.’ The celebrated Bibles of Sixtus V. are eagerly sought for by collectors. Their sole fame is the multitude of errata which crowd their pages, notwithstanding that His Holiness Sixtus V. carefully superintended every sheet as it passed through the press, and finally prefixed to the first edition a bull forbidding any alteration in the text. A curious jumble appeared in a cabled critique of Mr Irving’s acting on one of his appearances in the States. Instead of saying that ‘the taste for Irving, like that for olives, must be cultivated,’ the critic was represented as giving utterance to the incomprehensible assertion that ‘the toast for Irving, like the toast for olives, must be cut elevated.’ A Glasgow divine, and one of Her Majesty’s chaplains in Scotland, was lately reported as saying that ‘personally he violated the Lord’s Day as much as any member of the Court.’ ‘Venerated’ was probably the word actually employed by the reverend gentleman. Similarly, in an edition of _Men of the Time_ published in 1856, the then Bishop of Oxford is thus described: ‘Oxford, Bishop of (Rt. Rev Samuel). A more kind-hearted and truly benevolent man does not exist. A sceptic as regards religious revelations, he is yet an out-and-out believer in spirit manifestations.’ This description really belonged to ‘Owen (Robert) of Lanark.’ The edition was soon suppressed, but not before the Bishop had possessed himself of a copy for his private library.