OGH (aouh); with open short _o_ as in E. _not_; the _u_ being very slight, and perhaps sometimes almost neglected. It is also written _ough_, as _noght_, _nought_ (naouht). The _u_, in fact, is the result of a peculiar pronunciation of the _gh_. Dr. Sweet clearly explains that, after _e_, _i_, the _gh_ (h) was sounded like the G. _ch_ in _ich_. 'This front _gh_ was vocalized into consonantal _y_ before a vowel, and then generally dropped, as in the plural _hy[:e]_ (hii._y_[*e])[24]. The other _gh_ had the sound of G. _ch_ in _auch_ = the G. _ch_ in _ach_ rounded. Hence it is always preceded either by (uu), as in _ynough_ (inuu.h), _plough_ (pluu.h), or by _u_ forming the second element of a diphthong. This _u_ is always written after _a_, as in _taughte_ (tau.ht[*e]), _laughter_ (lau.hter), while after _o_ it is sometimes written, sometimes left to be inferred from the following _gh_.' See Sweet, Second Middle-English Primer, p. 5. R is always strongly trilled; never reduced to a vocal murmur, as frequently in modern English. S (s); as in _sit_ (sit). But voiced to _z_ (z) between two vowels, and finally, as in _ryse_ (rii.z[*e]), to rise, _shoures_ (shuu.rez). SH (sh), as in modern English, SSH (shsh); as in _fresshe_ (fresh.sh[*e]). U short; (y). The French sound, as in _Iuge_ (jy.j[*e]). Rarely (u), as in _cut_ (kut), _ful_ (ful); which are not French words. U long; (yy). Not common; and only French. Ex. _vertu_ (vertyy.); _nature_ (natyy.r[*e]). V (v), as in modern English. But the MSS. very rarely use this symbol. The sound of _v_ was awkwardly denoted by the use of _u_, followed by a vowel; as in _loue_ (luv.[*e]), love. In the present edition, _v_ is used throughout to denote the consonant. WE final; (w[*e]), but often merely (u). Ex. _arwes_ (ar.wez); _bowe_ (b[`o].w[*e], b[`o]u.[*e]); _morwe_ (mor.u). So also _blew_ (blee.u); _newe_ (nee.w[*e]). WH (wh), as in the North of England; not a mere _w_, as in the South. For the sound of _th_, modern English may be taken as the guide; and the same remark applies to the distinction between _f_ and _v_, and to the variable sound of _s_. Moreover, every letter should be distinctly sounded; the _k_ in _knee_ (kn['e]['e]) and the _w_ in _wryte_ (wrii.t[*e]) were still in use in the time of Chaucer, though now only preserved in the written forms.