A somewhat more familiar variety is shown in Plate 8. Little irregular
feathers of cirrus, from which long tapering streamers point downwards
in graceful curves, or else lag behind in the direction from which
the clouds have travelled. If clouds of this type are carefully
watched, it will soon be seen that each feathery head is a centre of
condensation, and that the tails or streamers are nothing else than
falling particles, which dwindle slowly away by evaporation, and which
gradually sink below the level of the heads. It is usual, in dealing
with cloud-forms like these, to speak of air-currents of different
velocities almost as if the winds at different levels were as clearly
separated as oil and water, or even air and water. This can hardly
be the case, for if such a thing should occur as an air-current of
one velocity flowing over another of less speed, or of a current in
one direction over another moving in a different course, the two must
inevitably mix at their junction, and in a very short time the passage
from the lower current to the upper one would be quite gradual. No
doubt we can often observe two, three, or more layers of cloud moving
in different directions; but if we were to send up a balloon, it would
be rare indeed to find its direction of horizontal movement changed in
a few metres of ascent. Different and distinct air-currents are often
invoked to explain cloud-forms quite unnecessarily. It is far more
likely that the differential movements involved in the explanation of
the features of these cirrus varieties are due to increased velocity
with greater altitude, to progressive change of direction, to irregular
eddies, or to the interaction of ascending and descending convection
currents. Indeed, it is probable that careful study of the growth and
decay of these clouds will, in time, lead to a clearer understanding
of atmospheric movements, and so enable us to say more precisely why
they are as we see them to be. The variety shown in Plate 8 is rare
except in combination with other forms. It might well be termed tailed
cirrus or cirrus caudatus.
[Illustration: Plate 8.
TAILED CIRRUS.
(_Cirrus Caudatus._)]
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