Comet Lore: Halley's Comet in History and Astronomy — John Shaqi
Comet Lore: Halley's Comet in History and AstronomyEmerson, Edwin
History
Comet Lore: Halley's Comet in History and Astronomy
Emerson, Edwin
Comets; Halley's comet
During the next two years Newton was hard at work on his “Principia,”
while Halley was equally hard at work on his computations of the Comet
of 1682, and on his theory of the orbits and the periodical returns of
Comets which grew out of his observations.
On April 21, 1686, Halley read to the Royal Society his own “Discourse
Concerning Gravity and its Properties,” in which he stated that his
“worthy countryman, Mr. Issac Newton, has an incomparable treatise on
Motion almost ready for the press,” and that the law of the inverse
square “is the principle on which Mr. Newton has made out all the
phenomena of the celestial motions so easily and naturally that its
truth is past dispute.”
Shortly afterward Newton sent in the manuscript of his great work. The
Society voted “that a letter of thanks be written to Mr. Newton and
that the printing of his book be referred to the consideration of the
council and that in the meantime the book be put into the hands of Mr.
Halley.”
The truth was that the Royal Society, at that time, did not have money
enough to print the book. The Society went through the empty form of
“ordering” that the book be printed “forthwith,” but no printer was
forthcoming until Halley himself undertook the publication of the great
work at his own expense.
The delicacy of Halley’s feeling is revealed by his correspondence with
Newton, in which he informed Newton that the book had “been ordered
to be printed at the Society’s charge.” The preliminary delay about
printing he explained to Newton “arose from the President’s attendance
on the King, and the absence of the vice-presidents, whom the good
weather had drawn out of town.”
Later Newton came to realize how much he owed to Halley in this matter.
In his letters to Halley henceforth he always referred to his book
as if it had been Halley’s book. When the great work was finished at
last Newton wrote to Halley under the date of July 5, 1687: “I have at
length brought your book to an end, and hope it will please you.”
The finished work contained a note to this effect: “The inverse law
of gravity holds in all the celestial motions, as was discovered also
independently by my countrymen Wren, Hooke, and Halley.”
The book was dedicated to the Royal Society, and to it was prefixed a
set of Latin hexameters addressed by Halley to the author, ending with
the well known line:
“Nec fac est propius mortali attingere divos.”
(“It is not given to a mortal to get in closer touch
with the gods.”)
Halley was fifty years old when he made his famous prediction of
the return of the Comet of 1682. This was in his “Synopsis of Comet
Astronomy,” which ended with these words: “Hence I may venture to
foretell that this Comet will return again in the year 1758.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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