Public opinion; Public relations; Publicity; Social psychology
With regard to the second tendency--the increased readiness of the
public to expect information about and to be heard on matters of
political and social interest--Ray Stannard Baker’s description of
the American journalist at the Peace Conference of Versailles gives
an excellent picture. Mr. Baker tells what a shock American newspaper
men gave Old World diplomats because at the Paris conference they
“had come, not begging, but demanding. They sat at every doorway,”
says Mr. Baker. “They looked over every shoulder. They wanted every
resolution and report and wanted it immediately. I shall never forget
the delegation of American newspaper men, led by John Nevin, I saw
come striding through that Holy of Holies, the French Foreign Office,
demanding that they be admitted to the first general session of the
Peace Conference. They horrified the upholders of the old methods, they
desperately offended the ancient conventions, they were as rough and
direct as democracy itself.”
And I shall never forget the same feeling brought home to me, when
Herbert Bayard Swope of the _New York World_, in the press room at
the Crillon Hotel in Paris, led the discussion of the newspaper
representatives who forced the conference to regard public opinion and
admit newspaper men, and give out communiques daily.
That the pressure of the public for admittance to the mysteries of
foreign affairs is being felt by the nations of the world may be seen
from the following dispatch published in the _New York Herald_ under
the date line of the _New York Herald_ Bureau, Paris, January 17,
1922: “The success of Lord Riddell in getting publicity for British
opinion during the Washington conference, while the French viewpoint
was not stressed, may result in the appointment by the Poincaré
Government of a real propaganda agent to meet the foreign newspaper
men. The _Eclair_ to-day calls on the new premier to ‘find his own
Lord Riddell in the French diplomatic and parliamentary world, who can
give the world the French interpretation.’” Walter Lippmann of the
_New York World_ in his volume “Public Opinion” declares that “the
significant revolution of modern times is not industrial or economic
or political, but the revolution which is taking place in the art of
creating consent among the governed.” He goes on: “Within the life of
the new generation now in control of affairs, persuasion has become a
self-conscious art and a regular organ of popular government. None of
us begins to understand the consequences, but it is no daring prophecy
to say that the knowledge of how to create consent will alter every
political premise. Under the impact of propaganda, not necessarily
in the sinister meaning of the word alone, the only constants of our
thinking have become variables. It is no longer possible, for example,
to believe in the cardinal dogma of democracy, that the knowledge
needed for the management of human affairs comes up spontaneously from
the human heart.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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