Dante: Six SermonsWicksteed, Philip H. (Philip Henry)
Philosophy
Dante: Six Sermons
Wicksteed, Philip H. (Philip Henry)
Dante Alighieri, 1265-1321
Even in this allegorical character Beatrice is a veritable personality,
as are Lucia, the Divine Grace, and the other attributes or agents of
the Deity, who appear in the Comedy as personal beings with personal
affections and feelings, though at the same time representing abstract
ideas. Thus Beatrice, as Divine Philosophy impersonated, is at once an
abstraction and a personality. 'The eyes of Philosophy,' says Dante
elsewhere, 'are her demonstrations, the smile of Philosophy her
persuasions.'[80] And this mystic significance must never be lost sight
of when we read of Beatrice's eyes kindling with an ever brighter glow
and her smile beaming through them with a diviner sweetness as she
ascends through heaven after heaven ever nearer to the presence of God.
The demonstrations of Divine Philosophy become more piercing, more
joyous, more triumphant, her persuasions more soul-subduing and
entrancing, as the spirit draws nearer to its source.
But though we shall never understand the Paradise unless we perceive
the allegorical significance and appropriateness not only of the
general conception of Beatrice, but also of many details in Dante's
descriptions of her, yet we should be equally far from the truth if we
imagined her a mere allegory. She is a glorified and as it were divine
_personality_, and watches over and guides her pupil with the
tenderness and love of a gentle and patient mother. The poet constantly
likens himself to a wayward, a delirious, or a frightened child, as he
flies for refuge to his blessed guide's maternal care.[81]
Again, they are in the eighth heaven, and Beatrice knows that a
glorious manifestation of saints and angels is soon to be vouchsafed
to Dante. Listen to his description of her as she stands waiting:
'E'en as a bird amongst the leaves she loves, brooding upon the nest of
her sweet young throughout the night wherein all things are hid,
foreruns the time to see their loved aspect and find them food, wherein
her heavy toil is sweet to her, there on the open spray, waiting with
yearning longing for the sun, fixedly gazing till the morn shall rise;
so did she stand erect, her eyes intent on the meridian. And seeing her
suspended in such longing I became as one who yearns for what he knows
not, and who rests in hope.'[82]
* * * * *
Under Beatrice's guidance, then, Dante ascends through the nine heavens
into the empyrean heights of Paradise. Here in reality are the souls of
all the blessed, rejoicing in the immediate presence and light of
God,[83] and here Dante sees them in the glorified forms which they
will wear after the resurrection. But in order to bring home to his
human understanding the varied grades of merit and beatitude in
Paradise, he meets or appears to meet the souls of the departed in the
successive heavens through which he passes, sweeping with the spheres
in wider and ever wider arc, as he rises towards the eternal rest by
which all other things are moved.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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