Dispersal during the Glacial Period 119 The Theory of Creation inadequate 122 Causes of a Glacial Climate 123 Difficulties not yet removed 124 Identity of the Species of Islands with those of the Mainland explained only by this Theory 125 VII. EVIDENCE OF THE DESCENT OF MAN FROM SOME LOWER FORM. Points of Correspondence between Man and the other Animals 129 The facts of Embryology and the Theory of Development 131 Two Principles that explain the Facts 134 Embryology against Abrupt Changes 135 Rudimentary Organs only to be explained on the Theory of Development 137 “No other Explanation has ever been given” 139 Unity of Type explained by Relationship 140 Inexplicable on the Ordinary View of Creation 142 Descent with Modification the only Explanation 143 The History of Life on the Theory of Descent with Modification 144 Letters retained in the Spelling but Useless in Pronunciation 146 Man’s Deficiency in Tail 147 Points of Resemblance between Man and Monkey 149 Variability of Man 152 Causes of Variability in Domesticated Man 153 Action of Changed Conditions 155 The Inherited Effects of the Increased and Diminished Use of Parts 156 Reversion as a Factor in the Development of Man 158 Reversion in the Human Family 160 Prepotence in the Transmission of Character 162 Natural Selection in the Development of Man 163 How Man became upright 165 The Brain enlarges as the Mental Faculties develop 167 Nakedness of the Skin 169 Is Man the most helpless of the Animals? 171 VIII. MENTAL POWERS OF MAN AND THE LOWER ANIMALS COMPARED. Fundamental Intuitions the same in Man and the other Animals 175 Man and the Lower Animals excited by the same Emotions 177 All Animals possess some Power of Reasoning 179 The Power of Association in Dog and Savage 181 The Lower Animals progress in Intelligence 182 The Power of Abstraction 183