A committee of the Public School Alliance of New Orleans, of which Prof. David Spence Hill was chairman, reported in 1913 a careful census of the public school children in that city the previous year made by the teachers in co-operation with the Newcomb Laboratory of Psychology and Education. Each teacher was asked to state her opinion as to how many in her room were “feeble-minded or insane children who should be under institutional or home care, rather than in the public schools.” Also the number of backward children not in the above class “who urgently need special educational methods in special classes within the special schools.” About a fifth of the total of the 38,000 school children in the city are colored. The grand total showed 0.28% in the first class mentioned above, and 7.7% in the second. Speaking of those “thought by teachers to be feeble-minded” and needing institutional care the report says: “The figure 0.28 of 1% coincides exactly with the estimate of the Philadelphia Teachers' Association made in 1909 in a census of 150,000 school children. Secondly, while the teacher's estimates are open to revision, nevertheless her judgment, as inevitably evidenced in her attitude toward the child, is the _practically effective judgment_” (_157_, p. 6). It is a well-known fact that teachers tend to underestimate the frequency of mental deficiency, so that it would certainly be a matter of regret if this were to continue to be the “practically effective judgment.” Another census of the institutional type of feeble-minded made by the Director of Public Health Charities in Philadelphia and reported in 1910 enumerated 0.2% of the population as in this group. It included cases in the institutions for feeble-minded, the insane hospitals, almshouses, hospital, reformatories, orphanages and known to charity workers (_168_, p. 13). One of the most careful surveys of individuals who, because of mental abnormalities, show such social maladjustment as to become the concern of public authorities was made under the auspices of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene in 1916.[5] It selected Nassau County as representative of New York state. Part of the survey consists of an intensive house to house canvass of four districts of about a thousand population each. The result disclosed that 0.54% of the population of this county were socially maladjusted because of “arrests in development” and 0.06% more, because of epilepsy. This was in a population of 115,827.