The question must naturally arise as to how far the returns received
through such investigation can be considered representative. It
has seemed to the writer that they could be considered fairly so.
Investigations of this character must always be considered typical
rather than comprehensive. It is difficult to fix the exact number to
be considered typical as between a partial investigation and a census
which is exhaustive. In some cases it is possible to obtain a majority
in numbers, in others it is not. If the number of returns, however,
passes the point where it would be considered trivial, the number between
this and the majority may perhaps be regarded as representative. By the
application of a similar principle, the expression at the polls of the
wishes of the twentieth part of the inhabitants of a state is recognized
as the will of the majority. But, while the returns can be considered
only fairly representative as regards numbers, they seem entirely so as
regards conditions. It is believed that every possible condition under
which domestic service exists, as regards both employer and employee, is
represented by the returns received, and that, therefore, the conclusions
drawn from these results cannot be wholly unreasonable. Moreover, the
circulars were sent out practically at random, and, therefore, do not
represent any particular class in society, except the class sufficiently
interested in the subject to answer the questions asked. If the returns
thus secured can be regarded in any sense as representative, the results
based on them may be considered as indicating certain general conditions
and tendencies, although the conclusions reached may be modified by later
and fuller researches.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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