"Downright Fighting": The Story of CowpensFleming, Thomas J.
History
"Downright Fighting": The Story of Cowpens
Fleming, Thomas J.
Cowpens National Battlefield (S.C.); Cowpens, Battle of, Cowpens, S.C., 1781
Adding to Morgan’s supply woes was a Carolina military custom. Every
militiaman brought his horse to camp with him. This meant that Morgan
had to find forage for over 450 horses (counting William Washington’s
cavalry), each of whom ate 25 to 30 pounds of oats and hay a day. “Could
the militia be persuaded to change their fatal mode of going to war,”
Morgan groaned to Greene, “much provision might be saved; but the custom
has taken such deep root that it cannot be abolished.”
Bands of militiamen constantly left the army to hunt for forage. This
practice made it impossible for Morgan to know how many men he had in
his command. In desperation, he ordered his officers, both Continental
and militia, to call the roll every two hours. This measure only gave
him more bad news. On January 15, after retreating from the Pacolet to
Thicketty Creek, he reported to Greene that he had only 340 militia with
him, but did not expect “to have more than two-thirds of these to assist
me, should I be attacked, for it is impossible to keep them collected.”
Making Morgan feel even more like a military Job was a personal problem.
The incessant rain and the damp January cold had awakened an illness
that he had contracted fighting in Canada during the winter of 1775-76,
a rheumatic inflammation of the sciatic nerve in his hip. It made riding
a horse agony for Morgan.
In his tent on Thicketty Creek, where he had rendezvoused with William
Washington and his 80 cavalrymen, who had been getting their horses shod
at Wofford’s iron works, Morgan all but abandoned any hope of executing
the mission on which Greene had sent him. “My force is inadequate,” he
wrote. “Upon a full and mature deliberation I am confirmed in the
opinion that nothing can be effected by my detachment in this country,
which will balance the risks I will be subjected to by remaining here.
The enemy’s great superiority in numbers and our distance from the main
army, will enable Lord Cornwallis to detach so superior a force against
me, as to render it essential to our safety to avoid coming to action.”
It would be best, Morgan told Greene, if he were recalled with his
little band of Continentals and Andrew Pickens or William Davidson left
to command the back-country militia. Without the regulars to challenge
them, the British were less likely to invade the district and under
Pickens’ leadership the rebels would be able to keep “a check on the
disaffected”—the Tories—“which,” Morgan added mournfully, “is all I can
effect.”
When he wrote these words on January 15, Morgan was still unaware of
what was coming at him. From the reports of Pickens’ scouts, he had
begun to worry that Tarleton might have more than his 550-man British
Legion with him. With the help of Washington’s cavalry, he felt
confident that he could beat off an attack by the Legion. But what if
Tarleton had additional men? “Col. Tarleton has crossed the Tyger at
Musgrove’s Mill,” Morgan told Greene. “His force we cannot learn.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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